In the orchard fertilization, due to the impact of traditional habits, people only pay attention to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer inputs, and lack of calcium fertilizer supply, physiological sexually transmitted diseases due to calcium deficiency caused by increased year by year, resulting in a large area of ​​apple bitter pit spot disease occurs, the farmers caused great economic losses.
Calcium deficiency symptoms Calcium is an essential nutrient for apples. Severe calcium deficiency can lead to necrosis of fruit trees. Calcium deficiency symptoms first in the new organization: 1, root symptoms. The formation of multi-branched stubby root mass, or "broom root", root tip death in severe cases. 2, foliage symptoms. As a result, the new shoots stopped growing prematurely, the young leaves were curled, the edges of the leaves were yellow, and the midribs of the leaves had necrotic spots. 3. Fruit symptoms. When the fruit is nearing maturity, it begins to appear. With the delay of time, the disease further spreads and spreads, and small brown necrotic spots appear on the surface of the fruit. The flesh shrinks into a sponge shape, and the heart is watery, forming bitter pox disease, cork disease and disease. Water heart disease, especially bagging apples, causes more serious physiological problems caused by calcium deficiency.
Calcium supplement technology Calcium supplementation should be adapted to local conditions. In the process of apple growth, comprehensive calcium supplementation techniques are implemented in a targeted manner.
1. Adjusting the pH value of the soil Generally, the orchard soil with strong acidity is insufficient, and the pH value of the orchard soil must be adjusted to a suitable range. The reason for the strong acidity of the orchard soil is mainly because the fertilization is unreasonable, such as the application of physiological acid fertilizers such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, and then the long-term use of superphosphates in some orchards contains a large amount of free acid, which will make the soil acidic. Increased year by year. The methods for solving soil acidity are as follows: (1) replacing fertilizer: nitrogen fertilizer is mainly urea, phosphate fertilizer is changed to calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate; 2 calcium supplement is generally 60-70 kilograms per acre of calcium carbonate, which has good effect of improving soil acidity. , thereby directly increasing the content of soil exchangeable calcium. The soil pH can be adjusted to 6.5-7.5 after 2 years of application; 3 control of nitrogen fertilizer: excessive nitrogen fertilizer will affect the absorption of calcium.
2. Adding organic fertilizers Increasing the application of organic fertilizers is to increase the soil organic matter content and enhance the soil's ability to retain calcium. Organic fertilizers are generally neutral and contain a large amount of trace elements, which can ensure the absorption of roots.
3, foliar spray fertilizer, the whole process of calcium supplementation Young fruit period is the most prosperous period of apple absorption of calcium. Due to the poor mobility of calcium, it is necessary to implement the whole process of calcium supplementation. The time should start from two weeks after the apple falls, and spray 350 times liquid amino acid calcium or 800 times liquid amino acid calcium treasure liquid fertilizer on the foliar surface, spray once every 12-14 days. , even spray 2-3 times. For bagging apples, spray more than 2 times of foliar calcium fertilizer before bagging to ensure sufficient calcium nutrition during the young fruit period; spray 40 times for 40-50 days before fruit picking.
Author: Li Qin ancient
Source: Shaanxi Science and Technology News
Calcium deficiency symptoms Calcium is an essential nutrient for apples. Severe calcium deficiency can lead to necrosis of fruit trees. Calcium deficiency symptoms first in the new organization: 1, root symptoms. The formation of multi-branched stubby root mass, or "broom root", root tip death in severe cases. 2, foliage symptoms. As a result, the new shoots stopped growing prematurely, the young leaves were curled, the edges of the leaves were yellow, and the midribs of the leaves had necrotic spots. 3. Fruit symptoms. When the fruit is nearing maturity, it begins to appear. With the delay of time, the disease further spreads and spreads, and small brown necrotic spots appear on the surface of the fruit. The flesh shrinks into a sponge shape, and the heart is watery, forming bitter pox disease, cork disease and disease. Water heart disease, especially bagging apples, causes more serious physiological problems caused by calcium deficiency.
Calcium supplement technology Calcium supplementation should be adapted to local conditions. In the process of apple growth, comprehensive calcium supplementation techniques are implemented in a targeted manner.
1. Adjusting the pH value of the soil Generally, the orchard soil with strong acidity is insufficient, and the pH value of the orchard soil must be adjusted to a suitable range. The reason for the strong acidity of the orchard soil is mainly because the fertilization is unreasonable, such as the application of physiological acid fertilizers such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, and then the long-term use of superphosphates in some orchards contains a large amount of free acid, which will make the soil acidic. Increased year by year. The methods for solving soil acidity are as follows: (1) replacing fertilizer: nitrogen fertilizer is mainly urea, phosphate fertilizer is changed to calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate; 2 calcium supplement is generally 60-70 kilograms per acre of calcium carbonate, which has good effect of improving soil acidity. , thereby directly increasing the content of soil exchangeable calcium. The soil pH can be adjusted to 6.5-7.5 after 2 years of application; 3 control of nitrogen fertilizer: excessive nitrogen fertilizer will affect the absorption of calcium.
2. Adding organic fertilizers Increasing the application of organic fertilizers is to increase the soil organic matter content and enhance the soil's ability to retain calcium. Organic fertilizers are generally neutral and contain a large amount of trace elements, which can ensure the absorption of roots.
3, foliar spray fertilizer, the whole process of calcium supplementation Young fruit period is the most prosperous period of apple absorption of calcium. Due to the poor mobility of calcium, it is necessary to implement the whole process of calcium supplementation. The time should start from two weeks after the apple falls, and spray 350 times liquid amino acid calcium or 800 times liquid amino acid calcium treasure liquid fertilizer on the foliar surface, spray once every 12-14 days. , even spray 2-3 times. For bagging apples, spray more than 2 times of foliar calcium fertilizer before bagging to ensure sufficient calcium nutrition during the young fruit period; spray 40 times for 40-50 days before fruit picking.
Author: Li Qin ancient
Source: Shaanxi Science and Technology News
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