The category, function, use and construction technology of interior and exterior wall putties Construction putty is one of the essential building materials products for decoration, applied to the interior and exterior walls of buildings, and used to make up for the defects of the grassroots level or to express various patterns and texture effects. Coating base material. Putty according to product uses are mainly divided into: flat-walled, embossed, Lahua pattern, tile-specific, high-elastic anti-cracking type. Among them, the flat wall type can be divided into three types according to its application occasions, leveling type, flat type and smooth type. The leveling type mainly makes the base layer obtain the required flatness; the smooth type mainly makes the base layer obtain a smooth and delicate surface texture; the flat type boundary is between the two, and can be used as a flat base surface or a light base surface, but The unilateral utility is not as good as the first two, and is suitable for general applications; general smooth putty should be used on a basal surface using leveling putty leveling. According to whether the product has elasticity, the exterior wall putty can be divided into two categories: rigid and elastic (or flexible), wherein the elastic putty is suitable for cracking or cracking occasions. Flat wall exterior putty implement JG/T 157-2004 putty standard for building exterior walls.
First, the role of construction putty
1. Make up for grassroots defect leveling: Use a scraping rule to scratch the wall or the top surface to make it meet the requirements of the flatness on the decoration; make light: fill small holes and gaps to make it meet the requirements of surface smoothness; Cracks: Elastomers can cover turtle cracks below 0.5mm.
2, the performance of a variety of texture or pattern. Orange peel pattern: Rolled with a flower roller can produce orange peel pattern; embossed pattern: spray with a spray gun first, and then flattened with a smooth roller, can form an embossed pattern; (whether flattening optional) Other personalized patterns: Using other painting tools can create a variety of patterns or patterns that can meet the individual requirements;
3, other special purposes such as tile adhesives, high elastic resistance crack type.
Second, construction putty construction process
1. Primary treatment (cement mortar surface): Remove dust, oil, rust, etc. on the surface of the base layer to ensure that the wall surface is clean; check the firmness of the base layer; remove the loose and empty drum parts; prominent protruding parts and mortar on the wall. , should be polished flat, as well as the use of cement mortar on the wall openings and seams to fill; detect the base layer pH and base moisture content, to ensure the moisture content is less than 10%, the pH value is less than 10; for strong water absorption, relatively loose base, high Penetrating backing agent treatment, sealing and reinforcement.
2. Putty:
Flat-wall type, leveling putty is mainly used for leveling the base surface, generally not directly on the surface of the paint coating. When the construction was completed, it was approved 2 or 3 times. The first time it was mainly repaired, and the second time it was full, and it was required to be scraped and flattened without revealing the bottom. A 2M aluminum alloy ruler can be used to horizontally scrape the surface and then straighten it in the longitudinal direction to meet the flatness and verticality requirements. After the work is done, polish the wall and remove the dust. The dosage is about 2.5~4.0kg/m2.
Glossy putty: It should generally be used together with leveling putty, mainly to meet the smooth and delicate surface requirements of the grass-roots level, the construction can be generally scraped 2 times, the thickness of each pass does not exceed 0.5mm. After the work is done, polish the wall and remove the dust. The dosage is about 1.2~1.5kg/m2.
Flat-type putty: Suitable for ordinary occasions to meet the general requirements of the paint decoration project on the base surface. When the construction is generally scraped twice, each time the thickness of about 1mm. After the work is done, polish the wall and remove the dust. The dosage is about 1.5~1.8kg/m2. Note: The general grinding time should not be too late, about 12 to 24 hours is appropriate, too late will affect the grinding.
Pull flower type: it can be done on the flat wall type putty layer, and it can also pull flowers directly on the more basic layer. Pull the roller with a flower roller and pull out the pattern of the desired shape. The depth and size of the pattern are determined by the thickness of the putty paste. The deep pattern requires a thicker putty paste, whereas the requirement is thinner, and the general amount is 0.8~1.5kg/. About m2. Thickness and uniform texture are required.
Relief type: the grass-roots should first scrape the flat wall putty. After the putty layer is dry, the relief putty is sprayed on the surface with a spray gun. The size of the used nozzle is determined according to the customer's required pattern size, and the rolling surface is determined according to customer requirements. . If necessary, use a smooth roller to dry the surface after spraying the particles to dry (water or 200# solvent oil rolling). The dosage is about 1.0~1.8kg/m2, which requires that the particles are rounded and the distribution should be moderate and basically uniform.
Tile special type: should first check whether the tile loose phenomenon, if any should be removed, and repair with cement mortar, etc., and then clean the surface of the tile with water or detergent to make it clean and oil must be removed. Then according to the manufacturer's product instructions for scraping special ceramic tile putty. After the work is done, the flat-wall putty is fully approved, and it is generally preferable to use flexible putty. Note: The alkalinity of various types of putty on the market is different. When the paint is applied, the alkalinity of the putty layer should be less than 10 to allow for coating construction. If the alkalinity of the putty layer is greater than 10, use an anti-alkaline primer for the back cover before proceeding.
Third, putty scraping construction considerations Putty putty is the use of trowel, scraper or putty knife construction, the main point of the scraper is flat, solid, light, that is, putty and base contact, tight bonding, smooth surface smooth To reduce the amount of polished work. When scratching, pay attention to the following matters:
When the grass-roots absorbency is strong, it should be sealed with a sealer before scraping the putty so as to avoid too much absorption of the rubber in the putty, which will affect the adhesion and strength of the putty;
Grasp the inclination of the tool when it is applied, and use even force to ensure that the putty is full; To avoid excessive shrinkage of the putty, there will be cracking and shedding. Do not apply excessive thickness at one time. According to the characteristics of different putty, the thickness should be 0.5~1mm. Do not apply too much back and forth to avoid scratching, peeling, or squeezing out the rubber in the putty. Sealing the surface is not easy to dry. Select the appropriate putty and squeegee tool according to the properties of the coating and the condition of the substrate. When the knife fills the holes and cracks in the grass roots, the index finger presses the blade and pushes the putty into the defect. It must be filled and filled, and the putty around it should be scraped cleanly so that the traces of putty should be minimized.
When the paint is applied, paint must be applied after the putty layer is dry. After the final putty is scraped, it takes 24 hours (25°C) to dry.
Fourth, Putty use the recommended program Ordinary exterior decoration program: Base - (back cover agent) - Rigid flat putty - background paint - high-end exterior wall decoration program: Base - (back cover interface agent) - - Rigid Leveling Putty - Rigid Smooth Putty (Rigid Flat Putty) - Base Paint - Topcoat Common Crack Resistance Exterior Wall Decoration Solution: Base Layer - (Background Interface Agent) - Flexible Flat Putty --Background color paint--Advanced anti-cracking exterior wall decoration program for elastic topcoat: Base layer--(backing interface agent)--High-elastic anti-crack putty--Elastic smooth putty--Base paint--Flexible finish Lamao exterior wall decoration program: Plain grass-roots program base - back interface agent (base paint) - elastic hair-type putty - elastic paint rough base course base - rigid flat wall putty - back interface agent - Elastic pull-type putty--elastic paint ordinary relief exterior wall decoration program: base layer--(rigid planar putty)--back cover interface agent--outer wall relief putty--(back cover agent or background paint)- - Topcoat (preferably elastic topcoat)
Tile renovation exterior wall decoration program: grass-roots level (ceramic tile surface) - tile surface putty - rigid leveling putty - (high elasticity anti-crack putty) - elastic smooth putty - elastic surface paint metal paint exterior wall decoration program : Common Plan Base - Rigid Leveling Putty - Rigid Smooth Putty - Backing Interface Agent - Metallic Paint Middle Layer - Metal Topcoat - Finishing Agent (back cover agent and metallic paint middle coat Combined metal paint primer
Anti-cracking solution: base layer - rigid leveling putty - high elastic anti-crack putty - elastic smooth putty - back interface agent - metallic paint middle paint - metal finish - finish agent (back cover interface Agent and metal paint middle paint some manufacturers merged into metal paint primer)
External insulation putty decoration program: can be used in the previous 3,4,5 program support, of which 5 rough base plan, rigid flat wall putty should be changed to flexible putty. Putty as a coating base material, construction workers must pay attention to putty construction quality, ensure the flatness of the base for the subsequent coating construction lay a solid foundation. Therefore, paint constructors must master certain putty knowledge and construction process
First, the role of construction putty
1. Make up for grassroots defect leveling: Use a scraping rule to scratch the wall or the top surface to make it meet the requirements of the flatness on the decoration; make light: fill small holes and gaps to make it meet the requirements of surface smoothness; Cracks: Elastomers can cover turtle cracks below 0.5mm.
2, the performance of a variety of texture or pattern. Orange peel pattern: Rolled with a flower roller can produce orange peel pattern; embossed pattern: spray with a spray gun first, and then flattened with a smooth roller, can form an embossed pattern; (whether flattening optional) Other personalized patterns: Using other painting tools can create a variety of patterns or patterns that can meet the individual requirements;
3, other special purposes such as tile adhesives, high elastic resistance crack type.
Second, construction putty construction process
1. Primary treatment (cement mortar surface): Remove dust, oil, rust, etc. on the surface of the base layer to ensure that the wall surface is clean; check the firmness of the base layer; remove the loose and empty drum parts; prominent protruding parts and mortar on the wall. , should be polished flat, as well as the use of cement mortar on the wall openings and seams to fill; detect the base layer pH and base moisture content, to ensure the moisture content is less than 10%, the pH value is less than 10; for strong water absorption, relatively loose base, high Penetrating backing agent treatment, sealing and reinforcement.
2. Putty:
Flat-wall type, leveling putty is mainly used for leveling the base surface, generally not directly on the surface of the paint coating. When the construction was completed, it was approved 2 or 3 times. The first time it was mainly repaired, and the second time it was full, and it was required to be scraped and flattened without revealing the bottom. A 2M aluminum alloy ruler can be used to horizontally scrape the surface and then straighten it in the longitudinal direction to meet the flatness and verticality requirements. After the work is done, polish the wall and remove the dust. The dosage is about 2.5~4.0kg/m2.
Glossy putty: It should generally be used together with leveling putty, mainly to meet the smooth and delicate surface requirements of the grass-roots level, the construction can be generally scraped 2 times, the thickness of each pass does not exceed 0.5mm. After the work is done, polish the wall and remove the dust. The dosage is about 1.2~1.5kg/m2.
Flat-type putty: Suitable for ordinary occasions to meet the general requirements of the paint decoration project on the base surface. When the construction is generally scraped twice, each time the thickness of about 1mm. After the work is done, polish the wall and remove the dust. The dosage is about 1.5~1.8kg/m2. Note: The general grinding time should not be too late, about 12 to 24 hours is appropriate, too late will affect the grinding.
Pull flower type: it can be done on the flat wall type putty layer, and it can also pull flowers directly on the more basic layer. Pull the roller with a flower roller and pull out the pattern of the desired shape. The depth and size of the pattern are determined by the thickness of the putty paste. The deep pattern requires a thicker putty paste, whereas the requirement is thinner, and the general amount is 0.8~1.5kg/. About m2. Thickness and uniform texture are required.
Relief type: the grass-roots should first scrape the flat wall putty. After the putty layer is dry, the relief putty is sprayed on the surface with a spray gun. The size of the used nozzle is determined according to the customer's required pattern size, and the rolling surface is determined according to customer requirements. . If necessary, use a smooth roller to dry the surface after spraying the particles to dry (water or 200# solvent oil rolling). The dosage is about 1.0~1.8kg/m2, which requires that the particles are rounded and the distribution should be moderate and basically uniform.
Tile special type: should first check whether the tile loose phenomenon, if any should be removed, and repair with cement mortar, etc., and then clean the surface of the tile with water or detergent to make it clean and oil must be removed. Then according to the manufacturer's product instructions for scraping special ceramic tile putty. After the work is done, the flat-wall putty is fully approved, and it is generally preferable to use flexible putty. Note: The alkalinity of various types of putty on the market is different. When the paint is applied, the alkalinity of the putty layer should be less than 10 to allow for coating construction. If the alkalinity of the putty layer is greater than 10, use an anti-alkaline primer for the back cover before proceeding.
Third, putty scraping construction considerations Putty putty is the use of trowel, scraper or putty knife construction, the main point of the scraper is flat, solid, light, that is, putty and base contact, tight bonding, smooth surface smooth To reduce the amount of polished work. When scratching, pay attention to the following matters:
When the grass-roots absorbency is strong, it should be sealed with a sealer before scraping the putty so as to avoid too much absorption of the rubber in the putty, which will affect the adhesion and strength of the putty;
Grasp the inclination of the tool when it is applied, and use even force to ensure that the putty is full; To avoid excessive shrinkage of the putty, there will be cracking and shedding. Do not apply excessive thickness at one time. According to the characteristics of different putty, the thickness should be 0.5~1mm. Do not apply too much back and forth to avoid scratching, peeling, or squeezing out the rubber in the putty. Sealing the surface is not easy to dry. Select the appropriate putty and squeegee tool according to the properties of the coating and the condition of the substrate. When the knife fills the holes and cracks in the grass roots, the index finger presses the blade and pushes the putty into the defect. It must be filled and filled, and the putty around it should be scraped cleanly so that the traces of putty should be minimized.
When the paint is applied, paint must be applied after the putty layer is dry. After the final putty is scraped, it takes 24 hours (25°C) to dry.
Fourth, Putty use the recommended program Ordinary exterior decoration program: Base - (back cover agent) - Rigid flat putty - background paint - high-end exterior wall decoration program: Base - (back cover interface agent) - - Rigid Leveling Putty - Rigid Smooth Putty (Rigid Flat Putty) - Base Paint - Topcoat Common Crack Resistance Exterior Wall Decoration Solution: Base Layer - (Background Interface Agent) - Flexible Flat Putty --Background color paint--Advanced anti-cracking exterior wall decoration program for elastic topcoat: Base layer--(backing interface agent)--High-elastic anti-crack putty--Elastic smooth putty--Base paint--Flexible finish Lamao exterior wall decoration program: Plain grass-roots program base - back interface agent (base paint) - elastic hair-type putty - elastic paint rough base course base - rigid flat wall putty - back interface agent - Elastic pull-type putty--elastic paint ordinary relief exterior wall decoration program: base layer--(rigid planar putty)--back cover interface agent--outer wall relief putty--(back cover agent or background paint)- - Topcoat (preferably elastic topcoat)
Tile renovation exterior wall decoration program: grass-roots level (ceramic tile surface) - tile surface putty - rigid leveling putty - (high elasticity anti-crack putty) - elastic smooth putty - elastic surface paint metal paint exterior wall decoration program : Common Plan Base - Rigid Leveling Putty - Rigid Smooth Putty - Backing Interface Agent - Metallic Paint Middle Layer - Metal Topcoat - Finishing Agent (back cover agent and metallic paint middle coat Combined metal paint primer
Anti-cracking solution: base layer - rigid leveling putty - high elastic anti-crack putty - elastic smooth putty - back interface agent - metallic paint middle paint - metal finish - finish agent (back cover interface Agent and metal paint middle paint some manufacturers merged into metal paint primer)
External insulation putty decoration program: can be used in the previous 3,4,5 program support, of which 5 rough base plan, rigid flat wall putty should be changed to flexible putty. Putty as a coating base material, construction workers must pay attention to putty construction quality, ensure the flatness of the base for the subsequent coating construction lay a solid foundation. Therefore, paint constructors must master certain putty knowledge and construction process
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