Since the early 90s of last century, China's building waterproof engineering technology has made significant progress, manifested in the continuous development of new materials, new technologies, and new technologies, standards gradually perfected, laws and regulations have been introduced in succession, and the construction market is gradually becoming standard. At the same time, it should also be noticed that the common problem of leaking quality of building construction has not yet been completely resolved. Although the reasons are many, the current outstanding problems are insufficient understanding of the legal status of standards and regulations, weak awareness of the legal system, and weak management supervision. And so on, so that the quality of waterproof construction is still difficult to guarantee. In view of this, this article discusses the importance of the implementation of standards and regulations and expects the attention of relevant parties.
1. Interpretation of the Standard 1.1 Definition of the Standard and the Definition of the Effect Standard is a unified provision for repetitive things and concepts. It is based on the comprehensive results of science, technology and practical experience. It is approved by the competent authorities after consultation among relevant parties and is issued in a specific form as a criterion and basis for mutual compliance. Regulations and procedures are the expressions of the "standards." According to the above definition, “standards†must be formulated and implemented in all industrial products, all types of engineering construction, environmental protection, and safety and health facilities that are officially mass-produced and exchanged in China. In April 1989, China promulgated the "Standardization Law," which established the legal status for various standards, clarified the obligation to implement the standards according to law, and the legal responsibilities that should be borne in violation of the standards. Therefore, formulating standards, organizing implementation standards, and supervising the implementation of standards play an important role in the development of a socialist market economy, the promotion of technological progress, the improvement of the quality of products and projects, the enhancement of social economic benefits, and the maintenance of the interests of the country and the people.
1.2 The “standard†grades and national standards stipulated in the “Standardization Lawâ€. It is a standard implemented nationwide. For general technical requirements that need to be unified nationwide, and other technical requirements that the country needs to control, national standards are usually set.
·Industry Standard. It is a standard that is implemented in a countrywide industry. For general technical requirements that do not have national standards and need to be unified within a countrywide industry, and special technical requirements for a certain thing, usually industry standards are established.
Local standards. It is a standard implemented within a certain area. For technical requirements that do not have national or industry standards but need to be unified within a certain area, local standards are usually established.
·Enterprise standards. It is a standard that is implemented within a certain enterprise or institution. Enterprises and institutions that already have national standards, industry standards, and local standards may also establish standards that are stricter than these standards.
2. Standards in the field of building waterproofing in the field of building waterproofing include: waterproof material standards (product standards) and waterproof technical specifications (including quality acceptance specifications). The former belong to the standards that should be followed in the production field, and the latter belong to the standards that should be followed in the field of engineering application.
2.1 Formulation of Product Standard Elements and Applicability Waterproof material product standards should be based on technical specifications, accurately reflect the scope of use of the product, avoid the incorporation of several types of products or products of different raw materials into one standard; formulate product technical indicators should focus on reflection The intrinsic quality of the product, set inspection rules and simple test methods; at this stage should pay attention to speed up the integration with international standards.
2.2 "Regulations" for construction services "Procedure" is one of the expressions of "Standards". There is not a lot of regulations in the application of waterproof technology. The procedures that are currently officially implemented include: Beijing Municipal Standards (DBJ/T01-26-2003) "Construction Procedures for Sub-project Construction and Installation" (including roofing, floor and floor works, and underground waterproofing works); large-scale construction enterprises China Construction Engineering Corporation's "Technical Specification for the Construction of Building Waterproofing Projects" (which is an enterprise standard), etc. Judging from the current situation, some waterproof material manufacturers that are concurrently engaged in the construction of waterproof constructions have begun to pay attention to the preparation of enterprise regulations (enterprise standards). Such enterprise regulations are similar to construction methods and are a combination of waterproof design, material selection, and corresponding construction methods. , to conduct comprehensive research and formulation, its characteristics are: the formation of technical management consistency, to solve the material, design, construction of the three cooperation and constraints; make up the "Product Standard" lack of use requirements and "Technical Specifications" construction The method is more principle; it is advantageous to promote the use of complete sets of technologies (selling systems); in the form of industrial product specifications, it guides users to use the products correctly and provides users with a full range of services. These features are undoubtedly a good condition for ensuring the quality of waterproofing projects and are welcome.
3. The form and role of laws and regulations 3.1 The relationship between laws and standards The above-mentioned “Standards†(specifications and procedures) are the rules of conduct that should be followed in the field of technical management, and “Regulations†are rules of conduct that should be implemented in the context of administrative management. The expressions of the "laws and regulations" include laws, regulations, plans, regulations, and policy documents. Therefore, the relationship between standards and regulations is complementary and complementary to management.
Since 1991, the National People's Congress, the State Council, and construction administrative departments at all levels have issued a series of important regulations and policy documents in the field of construction engineering (including waterproofing projects) based on socio-economic development, among which are: Construction Law and Construction. “Quality Management Regulations for Projectsâ€, “Approval for the Use of Chemical Building Materials and Regulations for the Elimination of Obsolete Technologies and Products,†and “Opinions on Strengthening the Production and Application Management of Building Waterproof Materialsâ€. These laws and regulations have played a major role in promoting the development of building waterproof engineering technology and ensuring the quality of projects.
3.2 The relationship between regulations and product standards It should be pointed out that the national standard for waterproof materials is formulated for the use of national construction fields, and the housing construction project is only one of the areas. Moreover, the technical standards stipulated in the “Product Standards†only reflect the average level that can be achieved by the manufacturers of similar products in the country. The state encourages enterprises to formulate enterprise standards that are higher than the national standards. At the same time, as the administrative department of construction, the Ministry of Construction may, based on the importance of construction waterproof engineering, guarantee the quality of projects, represent the interests of users, and formulate policy documents to raise or punish or supplement product standards for materials or products. The technical requirements are also in compliance with national regulations.
4. Current problems in the field of building waterproofing It is an indisputable fact that rampant fake and shoddy waterproof materials are ramping up the market. According to the investigation and analysis, the qualification rate of some areas of market sales and waterproof materials used in residential projects is only 25% to 40%. The use of branded products and high class and middle class waterproof materials is rare, leading to increased leakage potential and the ultimate victims will be Users and home buyers. Many water-repellent experts are very worried about this and think that these conditions are no longer a technical issue but a management issue. Waterproofing is a systematic project. In order to prevent leakage, comprehensive management is required. Ten years ago, the construction waterproof engineering industry advocated the implementation of a waterproof project quality assurance period. The Building Act also stipulated the roofing, wall waterproofing and waterproofing floors. The ground project implements the warranty period and places the responsibility for the quality of the waterproofing project on the construction unit. However, due to the inconsistency of its rights and obligations, the implementation results are poor. Through analysis of the market situation in recent years, the current problems are more concentrated in the following aspects.
4.1 Regulations and policies are not in place The regulations and policy documents issued by the government in the field of building waterproofing are not small, but due to insufficient publicity and weak awareness of laws and regulations, they cannot be implemented conscientiously, and there are more cases where there is no law and enforcement is not strict. .
4.2 The lack of understanding of the legal status of the “Standards†(codes, procedures) is mainly due to weaknesses in the design. Many designers are intervened by the developers and cannot adhere to the principles and strictly implement the rules. The important duties of selecting waterproof materials are given away. The construction unit decided that it would open the door for counterfeit and inferior waterproof materials to enter the market.
4.3 The behavior of the construction unit is not standardized At present, the engineering construction unit and real estate developer are in a dominant position in the construction market, but they are relatively unfamiliar with regulations, policies, and “codes†that should be implemented in the construction field, and are more subject to benefits. Drivers, ignoring the regulations themselves, their bad behavior has become an important factor influencing the market of waterproof materials and the order of the construction market. Mainly manifested in: "black and white contract" in the project bidding; the implementation of no bottom bid, no tender, malicious price reduction; recognition of fake and shoddy waterproof material and indulgence of unqualified, linked qualifications, low-quality construction units into the project.
4.4 Lack of supervision mechanisms There are serious management loopholes, irresponsibility and corruption issues in the implementation of the "Product Standards", the "Technical Regulations", the "Regulations" policy, and the market operations. Poor management and lack of supervision mechanisms are fundamental to these problems.
5. Concluding Remarks Resolving the above problems is a matter of utmost urgency. In the final analysis, we must administrate according to law, deepen and standardize the market order; vigorously safeguard the unity, authority, and seriousness of the “standards†and “laws and regulationsâ€; strengthen market supervision and law enforcement, and ensure the fairness of the market. In a just competitive environment, only by doing so can we promote the progress and healthy development of the building waterproofing industry.
1. Interpretation of the Standard 1.1 Definition of the Standard and the Definition of the Effect Standard is a unified provision for repetitive things and concepts. It is based on the comprehensive results of science, technology and practical experience. It is approved by the competent authorities after consultation among relevant parties and is issued in a specific form as a criterion and basis for mutual compliance. Regulations and procedures are the expressions of the "standards." According to the above definition, “standards†must be formulated and implemented in all industrial products, all types of engineering construction, environmental protection, and safety and health facilities that are officially mass-produced and exchanged in China. In April 1989, China promulgated the "Standardization Law," which established the legal status for various standards, clarified the obligation to implement the standards according to law, and the legal responsibilities that should be borne in violation of the standards. Therefore, formulating standards, organizing implementation standards, and supervising the implementation of standards play an important role in the development of a socialist market economy, the promotion of technological progress, the improvement of the quality of products and projects, the enhancement of social economic benefits, and the maintenance of the interests of the country and the people.
1.2 The “standard†grades and national standards stipulated in the “Standardization Lawâ€. It is a standard implemented nationwide. For general technical requirements that need to be unified nationwide, and other technical requirements that the country needs to control, national standards are usually set.
·Industry Standard. It is a standard that is implemented in a countrywide industry. For general technical requirements that do not have national standards and need to be unified within a countrywide industry, and special technical requirements for a certain thing, usually industry standards are established.
Local standards. It is a standard implemented within a certain area. For technical requirements that do not have national or industry standards but need to be unified within a certain area, local standards are usually established.
·Enterprise standards. It is a standard that is implemented within a certain enterprise or institution. Enterprises and institutions that already have national standards, industry standards, and local standards may also establish standards that are stricter than these standards.
2. Standards in the field of building waterproofing in the field of building waterproofing include: waterproof material standards (product standards) and waterproof technical specifications (including quality acceptance specifications). The former belong to the standards that should be followed in the production field, and the latter belong to the standards that should be followed in the field of engineering application.
2.1 Formulation of Product Standard Elements and Applicability Waterproof material product standards should be based on technical specifications, accurately reflect the scope of use of the product, avoid the incorporation of several types of products or products of different raw materials into one standard; formulate product technical indicators should focus on reflection The intrinsic quality of the product, set inspection rules and simple test methods; at this stage should pay attention to speed up the integration with international standards.
2.2 "Regulations" for construction services "Procedure" is one of the expressions of "Standards". There is not a lot of regulations in the application of waterproof technology. The procedures that are currently officially implemented include: Beijing Municipal Standards (DBJ/T01-26-2003) "Construction Procedures for Sub-project Construction and Installation" (including roofing, floor and floor works, and underground waterproofing works); large-scale construction enterprises China Construction Engineering Corporation's "Technical Specification for the Construction of Building Waterproofing Projects" (which is an enterprise standard), etc. Judging from the current situation, some waterproof material manufacturers that are concurrently engaged in the construction of waterproof constructions have begun to pay attention to the preparation of enterprise regulations (enterprise standards). Such enterprise regulations are similar to construction methods and are a combination of waterproof design, material selection, and corresponding construction methods. , to conduct comprehensive research and formulation, its characteristics are: the formation of technical management consistency, to solve the material, design, construction of the three cooperation and constraints; make up the "Product Standard" lack of use requirements and "Technical Specifications" construction The method is more principle; it is advantageous to promote the use of complete sets of technologies (selling systems); in the form of industrial product specifications, it guides users to use the products correctly and provides users with a full range of services. These features are undoubtedly a good condition for ensuring the quality of waterproofing projects and are welcome.
3. The form and role of laws and regulations 3.1 The relationship between laws and standards The above-mentioned “Standards†(specifications and procedures) are the rules of conduct that should be followed in the field of technical management, and “Regulations†are rules of conduct that should be implemented in the context of administrative management. The expressions of the "laws and regulations" include laws, regulations, plans, regulations, and policy documents. Therefore, the relationship between standards and regulations is complementary and complementary to management.
Since 1991, the National People's Congress, the State Council, and construction administrative departments at all levels have issued a series of important regulations and policy documents in the field of construction engineering (including waterproofing projects) based on socio-economic development, among which are: Construction Law and Construction. “Quality Management Regulations for Projectsâ€, “Approval for the Use of Chemical Building Materials and Regulations for the Elimination of Obsolete Technologies and Products,†and “Opinions on Strengthening the Production and Application Management of Building Waterproof Materialsâ€. These laws and regulations have played a major role in promoting the development of building waterproof engineering technology and ensuring the quality of projects.
3.2 The relationship between regulations and product standards It should be pointed out that the national standard for waterproof materials is formulated for the use of national construction fields, and the housing construction project is only one of the areas. Moreover, the technical standards stipulated in the “Product Standards†only reflect the average level that can be achieved by the manufacturers of similar products in the country. The state encourages enterprises to formulate enterprise standards that are higher than the national standards. At the same time, as the administrative department of construction, the Ministry of Construction may, based on the importance of construction waterproof engineering, guarantee the quality of projects, represent the interests of users, and formulate policy documents to raise or punish or supplement product standards for materials or products. The technical requirements are also in compliance with national regulations.
4. Current problems in the field of building waterproofing It is an indisputable fact that rampant fake and shoddy waterproof materials are ramping up the market. According to the investigation and analysis, the qualification rate of some areas of market sales and waterproof materials used in residential projects is only 25% to 40%. The use of branded products and high class and middle class waterproof materials is rare, leading to increased leakage potential and the ultimate victims will be Users and home buyers. Many water-repellent experts are very worried about this and think that these conditions are no longer a technical issue but a management issue. Waterproofing is a systematic project. In order to prevent leakage, comprehensive management is required. Ten years ago, the construction waterproof engineering industry advocated the implementation of a waterproof project quality assurance period. The Building Act also stipulated the roofing, wall waterproofing and waterproofing floors. The ground project implements the warranty period and places the responsibility for the quality of the waterproofing project on the construction unit. However, due to the inconsistency of its rights and obligations, the implementation results are poor. Through analysis of the market situation in recent years, the current problems are more concentrated in the following aspects.
4.1 Regulations and policies are not in place The regulations and policy documents issued by the government in the field of building waterproofing are not small, but due to insufficient publicity and weak awareness of laws and regulations, they cannot be implemented conscientiously, and there are more cases where there is no law and enforcement is not strict. .
4.2 The lack of understanding of the legal status of the “Standards†(codes, procedures) is mainly due to weaknesses in the design. Many designers are intervened by the developers and cannot adhere to the principles and strictly implement the rules. The important duties of selecting waterproof materials are given away. The construction unit decided that it would open the door for counterfeit and inferior waterproof materials to enter the market.
4.3 The behavior of the construction unit is not standardized At present, the engineering construction unit and real estate developer are in a dominant position in the construction market, but they are relatively unfamiliar with regulations, policies, and “codes†that should be implemented in the construction field, and are more subject to benefits. Drivers, ignoring the regulations themselves, their bad behavior has become an important factor influencing the market of waterproof materials and the order of the construction market. Mainly manifested in: "black and white contract" in the project bidding; the implementation of no bottom bid, no tender, malicious price reduction; recognition of fake and shoddy waterproof material and indulgence of unqualified, linked qualifications, low-quality construction units into the project.
4.4 Lack of supervision mechanisms There are serious management loopholes, irresponsibility and corruption issues in the implementation of the "Product Standards", the "Technical Regulations", the "Regulations" policy, and the market operations. Poor management and lack of supervision mechanisms are fundamental to these problems.
5. Concluding Remarks Resolving the above problems is a matter of utmost urgency. In the final analysis, we must administrate according to law, deepen and standardize the market order; vigorously safeguard the unity, authority, and seriousness of the “standards†and “laws and regulationsâ€; strengthen market supervision and law enforcement, and ensure the fairness of the market. In a just competitive environment, only by doing so can we promote the progress and healthy development of the building waterproofing industry.
Release Date: 2006/9/6 21:02:52