Conversation
Vice President of China Building Materials Industry Planning and Research Institute, Professor-level Senior Engineer Su Guijun
Gao Lihong, Vice President and Professor of the Environmental Resources Law Research Association of the Chinese Law Society
"Legal Daily" reporter
Pollution is not inevitable
Reporter: What are the main pollutions in the stone industry? How to control?
Su Guijun: The stone industry includes two leading industries, mining and stone processing. The pollution source factors in the production process mainly include dust, noise, solid waste and wastewater.
Mine dust is mainly produced in the topsoil, weathering layer stripping, mining engineering, block material handling, vehicle transportation and other aspects. Waste water is mainly produced from the cooling water in the sawing and drilling process. Waste slag mainly refers to gravel produced from the requirements of stripping, picking, and failing to meet the requirements of blocks.
Stone processing is the sawing, grinding and polishing, special-shaped processing of mining materials, production of architectural decoration products, stone carving stone art and art products, stone furniture, etc., the main source of pollution in the processing process is sawing, grinding and dusting, transportation Unorganized discharge of dust, but also dust from the waste mud waste. The noise comes from the noise generated by the machining process. Industrial wastewater comes from mechanical cooling water. The waste residue mainly comes from the processing of scraps and sawing, grinding and polishing.
For solid waste and wastewater generated by mining, an intercepting dam can be constructed and treated by supermagnetic separation technology. At the same time, the construction of the large-cut sedimentation tank hardening and rainwater and sewage diversion facilities will be promoted to achieve zero discharge of wastewater recycling. For dust and noise, it is possible to build a closed plant, use low-noise equipment, and adopt a pipe network spray wet process by hardening the plant area, roads and greening trees. In addition, enterprises can use waste rock to process shaped stone, digest sawdust and waste rock, and recycle hazardous waste.
Gao Lihong: The initial stone industry, due to backward mining and processing technology, caused serious environmental pollution and ecological damage. It mainly includes the following categories: First, dust pollution. In the process of stone mining and processing, sawing mud and dust generated by cutting, drilling, road transportation and other links. Due to the lack of collection and protection devices, the sawing mud stacked in the open air is highly likely to form dust pollution under windy weather conditions. The second is water pollution. In the process of stone processing, processes such as sawing stones and grindstones require a large amount of cooling and lubricating water. In the cooling section, an organic coolant is also added. The composition of the coolant is relatively complicated and the toxicity is large. Therefore, the discharged wastewater is mixed with suspended solids, stone powder, etc., which is extremely difficult to precipitate. Once the wastewater flows into the nearby water body, it will seriously affect the water quality and endanger aquatic organisms. The third is noise pollution. The noise comes from mechanical noise such as large cutting machine, polishing machine, trimming machine, forklift, excavator and other mechanical equipment in the process of stone mining and processing. According to estimates, the area around the plant can reach more than 80 decibels, exceeding the national emission standards, seriously affecting the lives of surrounding residents. The fourth is solid waste pollution. The utilization rate of stone material in the whole stone processing industry is only about 60%. The waste rock, waste residue, sawing mud, etc. generated during the stone mining and processing process are piled up in the periphery of the mining or processing area. These solid waste dumps not only need to occupy a certain amount of land, but also cause waste of resources and may cause secondary pollution.
The development of the stone industry has also caused ecological damage, leading to changes in the environmental structure and function of certain regions. Specifically, the ecological damage caused by the stone industry mainly includes: First, soil degradation, ground subsidence, soil erosion, etc. caused by stone mining and processing destroying the vegetation of the mountain and the dependent mountain. Second, the accumulation of solid waste such as waste rock and waste slag destroys soil and surface vegetation, resulting in soil erosion, soil degradation, and stony or desertification. Third, due to the direct discharge of wastewater to the surrounding water bodies, the ecological damage of water, such as the death of aquatic organisms, and even the human beings are threatened by diseases due to drinking contaminated water. Once the ecological environment is destroyed, it means that it takes a lot of time, money and even the efforts of several generations to recover, and even never recover.
In fact, environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by the stone industry are not inevitable. From the existing technology, there are corresponding measures. For example, dust pollution can be solved by setting up windproof wall and ceiling covering; noise pollution can be treated by using sound absorbing materials; solid waste can be recycled; and wastewater treatment is difficult, and stone processing wastewater contains a large amount of organic matter. With suspended solids, there are high requirements for the treatment process and treatment site, so it is necessary to establish a centralized sewage treatment station to concentrate on the wastewater generated by the stone enterprise.
It is not appropriate to "one size fits all" for SMEs
Reporter: Is the pollution of the stone industry controllable?
Su Guijun: Analyze the reasons and take measures to solve the problem of stone environmental pollution. In the past, the stone industry was in a state of free development, and some areas did cause serious pollution and safety hazards. The reason is that the development concept is backward. The industry's entry barriers are low, resulting in indiscriminate mining, poor processing equipment, and rapid water flow at the expense of the environment. Second, government regulation is not in place. Usually no one cares, the inspection came "one size fits all", after inspection, everything is as it is. Third, the corresponding technical and technological support is not enough, and the environmental protection facilities are not perfect. Fourth, the lack of corporate social responsibility, regardless of economic benefits regardless of social benefits.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has paid more and more attention to the construction of ecological civilization. Local governments have taken active actions, and corporate environmental awareness has been increasing. Especially in recent years, environmental protection supervision has been carried out, and environmental protection has been continuously strengthened. The industry continues to promote effective measures, such as the integration of mining rights, promote intensive mining, eliminate scattered small mines; improve mining technology, equipment level, standardize mining; park production and processing, focus on environmental protection facilities construction; optimize corporate structure, Eliminate backwardness, support and strengthen the strong, give play to leading enterprises to take action; rapid development of environmental protection technology and equipment, support the progress of environmental management of the stone industry. Overall, the stone industry has improved significantly in recent years.
Gao Lihong: To prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage in the stone industry, we need to start from the following aspects: First, strict implementation of relevant laws and regulations, local governments can issue targeted local legislation in a timely manner, and regulate the stone industry from the legislative level. Such as strict implementation of the environmental impact assessment system and the "three simultaneous" system. Second, plan ahead, speed up planning and layout adjustment, and focus on pollution control. With regard to the current distribution of the stone industry, through active guidance and support policies, scattered stone enterprises will be gathered in industrial parks to focus on pollution. Third, actively promote the stone industry association to introduce relevant technical specifications and technical standards. At present, the Stone Industry Association has formulated the "Stone Care Technical Specification" and implemented it in March 2017. It is believed that with the introduction of technical norms and technical standards in these industries, it is possible to regulate the production and processing of stone enterprises well and guide the stone industry to take an environmentally friendly development path. Then, the government should give the stone industry the corresponding technical, financial and tax support. The government encourages technology research and development, supports the introduction of advanced pollution control technologies, and supports the clean production of stone enterprises through financial subsidies and tax incentives, and promotes the comprehensive utilization or recycling of waste. Finally, we should also increase environmental protection publicity to let people understand the environmental remediation of the stone industry, not only related to the ecological environment, but also affect the health of ourselves and future generations.
Because the stone industry has caused serious environmental pollution and ecological damage, the state and local governments have attached great importance to the environmental protection of the stone industry. Since 2016, the stone industry has become one of the key industries for central environmental protection inspectors and local environmental protection. Judging from the current governance situation, the government's rectification actions have begun to bear fruit. But it is worth noting that environmental protection cannot exacerbate poverty or cause new poverty. In the environmental remediation of the stone industry, the “one size fits all†approach to small and medium-sized stone enterprises clearly violates the original intention of environmental protection. This requires the government to balance the relationship between economic benefits and environmental protection when the environmental protection of the stone industry is carried out. It is necessary to formulate sound legislation and policies to guide and support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises to promote the healthy and green development of the entire stone industry.
Correctly handle the relationship between development and protection
Reporter: How is the stone industry developed in an orderly manner and healthy and sustainable?
Su Guijun: Mining is the material basis for human survival. 75% of the various raw materials we live in are from mineral resources. The development of resource-based industries is directly related to economic and social development. Like other related mining industries, the development and processing of stone resources will inevitably have a certain impact on the ecological environment. Stone resource development and ecological protection are a pair of contradictions and must be handled correctly. Social and economic development is inseparable from resource exploitation, and it is necessary to protect development and save development. The ecological environment is the space for us to live in. The beautiful environment is also what we want to protect. The two must be well integrated. This is the construction of ecological civilization and the creation of green mines proposed by the new era.
The stone industry is an indispensable basic industry for the national economy, promoting the healthy development of the industry, and all parties in government, enterprises and society must take active actions. First, fully understand the new era, new requirements, fundamentally change the development concept, resource conservation development, economic development, efficient development, green mining, green factories, green park construction as a starting point, and comprehensively create a green industry. The government takes responsibility and the company fulfills its responsibilities. The second is to strengthen top-level design such as industry planning and park planning. In accordance with the requirements of national green development, unified planning and design, and step-by-step implementation, accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading from the source. The third is to speed up the adjustment and adjustment of industrial structure, support large-scale key enterprises, and eliminate backward enterprises. The fourth is to accelerate technological progress, especially the research and development of environmental protection technologies, to create supporting conditions for the comprehensive utilization of resources. The fifth is policy orientation. Vigorously support the comprehensive utilization of products, promote green procurement of national projects, and create a space for survival and development for green products and green factories.
Gao Lihong: Although China is a country with a long history of stone processing, the use of stone resources is still relatively traditional. Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Xinjiang and other provinces are important stone producing areas in China. These provinces have also paid a heavy environmental cost while using the inherent advantages to develop the stone industry and obtain economic benefits, such as frequent these years. The "stone plant white sky" "milk river" and other events exposed by the media. The environmental problems caused by the stone industry have become one of the focuses of national and local governments. Environmental protection of the stone industry does not mean that all stone enterprises should be shut down in an all-round way. It is undeniable that the stone industry has an irreplaceable role in social development. How to balance the environmental benefits and economic benefits of the stone industry requires the consideration of the government, stone associations and stone enterprises.
In fact, the environmental pollution problem in the stone industry is only a microcosm of the development of China's natural resources industry. Stone resources are a kind of non-renewable resources, which is an indispensable building material in our modern construction. Therefore, the government, industry associations, stone enterprises and other parties need to work together to guide and promote the stone industry to continue the development of the road, to achieve "both Jinshan Yinshan, but also green water and green mountains."
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