How to manage fire safety of building construction?

Fire risk and management responsibilities at the construction site

I. Common causes of fire at the construction site (analysis)

By investigating the cause of the fire at the construction site, the fire at the construction site was mainly caused by the use of fire, inadvertent use of electricity, and failure to extinguish the fire in the initial stage.

(I) Welding and cutting

High-temperature welding slag produced by electric welding, ordinary cutting, and Mars are the culprits in causing fire. Welders inadvertently in the construction process will ignite the surrounding combustibles and create a disaster. Welding causes fire, mainly due to the following reasons:

(B) Electrical Appliances and Circuits

At the construction site, there are also many fires caused by the use of high-power electrical appliances and private wire connections in the living area that lead to short-circuit faults in electrical wiring.

(3) Inadvertent use of fire and remnants of fire

Occupational facilities for construction workers such as cooking, heating, and lighting equipment are used carelessly, or cigarettes littered by cigarettes ignite nearby combustibles and cause fire.

General layout of construction site

First, the principle of general layout

The general layout includes the layout of the general layout, temporary housing, and provision of temporary facilities, in addition to the delineation of key areas.

(A) Clear the contents of the general layout

The following temporary housing and temporary facilities shall be included in the general layout of the construction site:

1. Entrances, walls, and enclosures at the construction site.

2. Temporary roads within the construction site.

3. The direction and height of the laying or erection of distribution network or pipelines and distribution lines.

4. Construction site office space, dormitory, generator room, power distribution room, combustible material storehouse, inflammable and explosive dangerous goods storehouse, combustible material yard and its processing field, fixed hot work site.

5. Temporary fire lanes, fire rescue sites and fire water sources.

(B) Reasonable layout of temporary housing and temporary facilities

The arrangement of temporary houses and temporary facilities on the construction site is often constrained by the on-site objective conditions such as meteorology, topography and geomorphology and hydrogeology, above ground underground pipelines and surrounding buildings, site size, surrounding roads and firefighting facilities, and objective conditions of different construction sites. There are also many differences. The general layout of the construction site should be comprehensively taken into account in the construction and site conditions, according to local conditions, according to "the temporary use of housing and temporary facilities covers an area of ​​less, less secondary transport of materials and components within the field, construction and production and mutual interference with less, Temporary housing and facilities construction costs are low, and meet the basic principles of construction, fire prevention, energy conservation, environmental protection, safety, security, civilized construction, etc.”, the main content of the construction site layout is defined, the establishment of the entrance and exit of the construction site and the site are determined. Arrangement principles for office, living, production and material storage areas, standardizing the layout requirements for combustibles, flammable and explosive dangerous goods storage sites and hot work sites, and focusing on the control of fire sources and flammable and flammable materials at construction sites. , ensure that the arrangement of temporary houses and temporary facilities meets the requirements of fire prevention, fire extinguishing and personnel safety evacuation at the construction site.

(three) the principle of the layout of key areas

1. Basic principles for setting entrances and exits at construction sites

Construction site entrance passage provided should meet the requirements of fire and should be arranged in different directions, the number should not be less than two. Only when it is really difficult to set an entrance, should be set within the ring road construction site to meet the prevailing fire.

2. The principle of the layout of the fixed hot work site

The fixed hot work site shall be arranged on the upwind side of the annual minimum frequency wind direction such as combustible material yard and its processing field, flammable and explosive dangerous goods warehouse, etc.; it shall be arranged in temporary office houses, dormitories, flammable materials warehouses, and under construction. The windward side of the project such as the minimum frequency of the year.

3. Arrangement principle of dangerous goods warehouse

Inflammable and explosive dangerous goods warehouses should be kept away from open fire operation areas, densely populated areas and relatively concentrated areas of buildings. Combustible material yards and their processing plants, and flammable and explosive dangerous goods warehouses should not be placed under overhead power lines.

Temporary firefighting facilities on the construction site

The provision of temporary firefighting facilities such as fire extinguishers, temporary fire-fighting water systems, and temporary fire emergency lighting at the construction site is a common and most effective temporary fire-fighting facility at the construction site.

First, the provision of temporary fire facilities

Temporary firefighting facilities need to follow the principle of simultaneous settings and reasonable settings.

(A) The principle of synchronization settings

Temporary firefighting facilities should be set up synchronously with the construction of the project under construction. For the housing construction project, due to concrete strength and other reasons, the newly constructed floors may not be demolished in a timely manner due to the strength of the concrete. The provision of temporary fire facilities is difficult to follow in time, and there is a gap of about 3 stories with the construction progress of the main structure . Therefore, in the housing construction project, the gap between the setting of the temporary fire-fighting facilities and the construction progress of the main structure of the projects under construction should not exceed three floors.

(B) Reasonable setting principles

(III) Other setting principles

Fire safety management at construction site

I. Fire safety management at the construction site

Fire safety management at the construction site includes: management system, fire protection technology plan, fire prevention and emergency evacuation plan, fire safety education and training, fire safety technology disclosure, fire safety inspection and fire file management.

(I) Fire Safety Management System

The fire safety management system should include the following main contents:

1. Fire safety education and training system;

2. Combustible and flammable and explosive dangerous goods management system;

3. Use fire, electricity, gas management system;

4. Fire safety inspection system;

5. Emergency plan drill system.

(II) Fire Protection Technology Plan

The fire protection technology plan for the construction site shall be part of the construction organization design, and it may also be separately compiled.

The construction unit shall compile a technical plan for fire protection on the construction site, and shall timely modify and perfect it according to the changes in the site conditions. The fire protection technology plan should include the following main contents:

(III) Construction site fire extinguishing and emergency evacuation plan

The construction unit shall compile fire extinguishing and emergency evacuation plans at the construction site, and carry out fire drills and emergency evacuation drills on a regular basis in accordance with the plan.

(D) Fire Safety Education and Training

The fire safety education and training target all construction personnel.

Before construction workers enter the site, the fire safety management personnel at the construction site shall provide fire safety education and training to the construction personnel.

(E) Fire safety technology delivery

The end of fire safety technology is part of the disclosure of safety technology. It can be carried out together with safety technology, and it can also be carried out separately. The object of fire safety technology is the person who is working in a place with a fire hazard or who has performed a fire hazard process. The bottom of the story should be directed to the specific workplaces or processes that are at risk of fire, and teach the workers the knowledge and skills of how to prevent fires, extinguish the initial fire, and save themselves.

Before the construction work, the construction management personnel at the construction site shall provide the fire safety technical disclosure to the operator.

(6) Fire safety inspection

During the different construction phases or time periods on the construction site, the on-site fire safety inspection should be focused. The inspection content can be appropriately adjusted according to the local climatic conditions, social environment and production tasks at that time. If the project is started, the construction unit shall inspect the establishment of on-site fire management system, fire protection technology plan, preparation of on-site fire extinguishing and emergency evacuation plan, fire safety education and training, and the setting and equipping of fire protection facilities; during construction, the construction unit Monthly inspections are organized as prescribed by this article. In addition, the construction unit should organize special inspections or seasonal inspections according to the actual situation on the occasion of the “May 1st”, “11th”, “Spring Festival” and other special festivals or special occasions during the winter season.

During the construction process, the person responsible for fire safety at the construction site shall regularly organize the fire safety management personnel to inspect the fire safety at the construction site. Fire safety inspections should include the following main elements:

1. Is the management of combustibles and flammable and explosive dangerous goods implemented?

2. Whether the fire prevention measures for hot work are implemented;

3. Whether there is any illegal operation with fire, electricity, or gas, and whether electricity, gas welding, and heat preservation and waterproof construction are implemented;

4. Whether the temporary firefighting facilities are intact and effective;

5. Whether the temporary fire lanes and temporary evacuation facilities are open.

Use fire, electricity, gas management

The fire, electricity, and gas management requirements for the construction site are as follows:

(I) Fire management

1. Hot work management

Hot work refers to the use of open fire, blasting, welding, gas cutting, or the use of alcohol stoves, kerosene stoves, torches, grinding wheels, electric drills, etc. at the construction site to perform temporary operations that may generate flames, sparks, and red hot surfaces.

In order to ensure the safety of hot work, hot work at the construction site should meet the following requirements:

( 1 ) Before the hot work on the construction site, the hot workman should apply for hot work. The hot work application shall include at least the personnel, content, location or location of the hot work, time, operating environment, fire-fighting and rescue measures, etc.

( 2 ) After receiving the application for moving fire, the issuer of the hot work permit shall go to the site to inspect and confirm the implementation of the fire prevention measures for the hot work before signing a hot work permit;

( 3 ) Fire-operated operators shall have corresponding qualifications in accordance with the relevant regulations and shall carry out certification work;

( 4 ) Before the hot work such as welding, cutting, baking or heating, the combustibles on the job site shall be cleaned; combustibles that cannot be removed at or near the job site shall be covered or isolated with non-combustible materials;

( 5 ) When the construction work is arranged, the hot work should be arranged before the construction work using flammable building materials. It is really necessary to carry out hot work after construction operations using flammable building materials, and reliable fire prevention measures should be taken;

( 6 ) It is forbidden to carry out hot work directly on exposed flammable materials;

( 7 ) For hot work such as welding, cutting, baking or heating, fire extinguishing equipment shall be provided, and a fire guardian shall be provided for on-site monitoring. A guardian shall be provided for each hot work point;

( 8 ) When the wind force above level 5 (including level 5) is exceeded, the outdoor hot work such as welding and cutting should be stopped;

( 9 ) After the hot work, the site shall be inspected to confirm that there is no risk of fire, the hot work personnel may leave.

(B) Electricity Management

Electricity used at the construction site shall meet the following requirements:

1. The design, construction, operation, and maintenance of power supply facilities for power generation, power transformation, transmission, distribution, and use of electricity, equipment, electrical appliances, wiring, and corresponding protective devices at the construction site shall comply with the current national standard, "Construction Project Construction. On-site power supply safety specification " GB50194 requirements.

2. Electrical lines should have appropriate dielectric strength and mechanical strength. It is strictly forbidden to use electrical lines that are insulated or lose their insulation properties. It is forbidden to hang objects on electrical lines. Damaged, burnt sockets and plugs should be replaced promptly.

3. Electrical equipment, particularly equipment that is prone to high heat, should maintain a safe distance from flammable, flammable, explosive and corrosive materials.

4. Where there is a danger of explosion and fire, choose the appropriate electrical equipment according to the level of the dangerous place.

5. The leakage protection device and overload protector shall be provided for each electrical circuit on the power distribution screen. Combustibles shall not be piled within 2m from the power distribution screen . No flammable or explosive gas may be generated within 5m . Dust operating area.

6. Combustible materials Treasury should not use high-temperature lamps, explosion-proof lamps should be used in the flammable and explosive dangerous goods warehouse.

7. The distance between ordinary lamps and flammable materials should not be less than 300mm ; the distance between spotlights , iodine tungsten lamps and other high-temperature lamps and flammable materials should not be less than 500mm .

8. Electrical equipment should not be overloaded or used with faults.

9. It is forbidden to revise the on-site power supply facilities without authorization. The modification of on-site power supply facilities shall be approved by a qualified electrician and implemented by a qualified electrician.

10. Check the operation and maintenance of electrical equipment and lines on a regular basis.

(III) Gas Management

The bottled oxygen, acetylene, liquefied gas, etc., commonly used at the construction site, can easily cause fire, explosion, and other hazards if the gas cylinders and accessories that they store are unqualified or illegally stored, transported, stored, or used. On-site gas use should meet the following requirements:

1. The bottles and accessories for storing gas should be qualified, intact and effective; oxygen cylinders deficient in pressure reducer and other accessories are strictly prohibited, and acetylene bottles deficient in acetylene special pressure reducer, tempering preventer and other accessories are strictly prohibited. .

2. When transporting, storing and using gas cylinders, the following requirements shall be met:

( 1 ) Gas cylinders should be kept in an upright position and anti-dumping measures should be taken. Acetylene bottles are prohibited from lying horizontally.

( 2 ) It is forbidden to collide, beat, throw, or roll cylinders.

( 3 ) The cylinder should be far away from the fire source, and the distance from the fire source should not be less than 10m . Measures should be taken to avoid high temperature and prevent sun exposure.

( 4 ) Anti-static devices should be installed on gas storage bottles and cans.

3. Cylinders should be classified and stored, and the inside of the warehouse should be well-ventilated. When empty bottles and solid bottles are stored together, they should be placed separately. The spacing between the two should not be less than 1.5m .

4. When using gas cylinders, the following requirements shall be met:

( 1 ) Before use, check the integrity of the gas cylinders and cylinder accessories, check the gas tightness of the connected gas lines, and take measures to avoid gas leakage. It is forbidden to use the aged rubber gas tubes.

( 2 ) The working distance between the oxygen bottle and the acetylene bottle should not be less than 5m , and the distance between the gas bottle and the open fire operating point should not be less than 10m .

( 3 ) The use of cylinders in winter, such as cylinder valve, pressure reducer, etc., freeze, it is strictly prohibited to use fire to bake or knock on the bottle valve with iron, prohibiting screwing regulator screws.

( 4 ) The pressure of the remaining gas in the oxygen cylinder should not be less than 0.1 MPa .

( 5 ) After the cylinder is used, it should be promptly returned to the library.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.