Chemical process pumps are essential components in the chemical and petrochemical industries, serving as general-purpose pumping equipment used throughout various stages of production. These pumps come in a wide range of types and designs, each suited to specific applications and operating conditions. Based on their working principles, they can be broadly categorized into three main groups: dynamic pumps (or vane pumps), positive displacement pumps, and other specialized pump types.
Dynamic pumps include centrifugal pumps, axial flow pumps, mixed flow pumps, partial flow pumps, and vortex pumps. These operate by transferring energy to the fluid through rotating impellers or vanes. Positive displacement pumps, such as reciprocating pumps and diaphragm pumps, work by trapping a fixed volume of fluid and then forcing it into the discharge pipe. Rotary pumps, including screw pumps, gear pumps, vane pumps, and Roots pumps, use rotating elements to move fluids continuously.
In addition to these, there are also special-purpose pumps designed for unique chemical processes, such as high-pressure methylamine pumps, cryogenic pumps, and phosphoric slurry pumps. These are often required to handle extreme conditions, such as high temperatures, low temperatures (including ultra-low), high pressure, flammable, explosive, or toxic media. Some pumps must operate under challenging conditions like high inlet pressure, high lift, high viscosity, low flow rates, or severe cavitation, which makes the performance and durability of chemical pumps extremely critical.
Corrosion resistance, tight sealing (especially when handling toxic substances), and wear resistance are among the most important design requirements for chemical pumps. To meet these challenges, the chemical industry has developed specialized pump types, such as plastic pumps, glass-lined pumps, ceramic pumps, graphite pumps, shielded pumps, magnetic drive pumps, and slurry pumps. These are specifically engineered to withstand harsh environments and ensure safe and efficient operation.
In the production of phosphate fertilizers, the main media that need to be pumped include phosphate slurry, filtrates, concentrated and diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and fluorosilicic acid. Due to the highly corrosive and abrasive nature of these substances, the pumps used in this process are particularly vulnerable to damage and require robust construction and materials to maintain long-term reliability.
ZHITONG PIPE VALVE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.ztongvalve.com