Chemical process pumps are essential components in chemical and petrochemical industries, used to transport various types of fluids under challenging conditions. These pumps come in a wide range of designs and types, each suited for specific applications. Based on their operating principles, they can be broadly categorized into three main groups: vane pumps, positive displacement pumps, and rotary pumps. Vane pumps include centrifugal, axial flow, mixed flow, partial flow, and vortex pumps, which rely on the rotation of an impeller to move fluid. Positive displacement pumps, such as reciprocating and diaphragm pumps, work by trapping a fixed volume of fluid and then forcing it through the system. Rotary pumps, including screw, gear, vane, and root pumps, use rotating elements to create suction and pressure.
In addition to these, there are specialized pumps designed for unique process requirements, such as high-pressure methylamine pumps, cryogenic pumps, and phosphoric slurry pumps. These pumps often operate under extreme conditions—high temperatures, low or ultra-low temperatures, high pressures, and exposure to flammable, explosive, or corrosive media. Some also face challenges like high inlet pressure, high lift, high viscosity, low flow rates, and cavitation, which make the design and material selection of chemical pumps extremely critical.
Corrosion resistance, leak-proof performance (especially for toxic substances), and wear resistance are among the most important features required for chemical pumps. To meet these demands, the industry has developed specialized pump types, such as plastic, glass, ceramic, and graphite pumps, as well as shielded and magnetic drive pumps. These materials offer better resistance to harsh chemicals and reduce the risk of leakage.
In phosphate fertilizer production, the media transported by pumps include phosphate slurry, filtrates, concentrated and diluted phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and fluorosilicic acid. These substances are highly corrosive and abrasive, making the selection of the right pump crucial for both efficiency and safety. The demanding environment requires pumps that not only perform reliably but also ensure long service life and minimal maintenance.
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