In the field of rare earths, which is known as “industrial goldâ€, China’s export volume has been ranked first in the world for a long time. It should have been infinitely beautiful, but disorderly mining, smuggling and vicious competition have made it difficult for the entire industry to develop healthily. Last week, the Ministry of Land and Resources published a list of rare earth mining rights, reducing the national rare earth mining rights from 113 to 67. It can be seen that the country’s sword for rectifying the rare earth industry has been cut to the “source of miningâ€. However, the reporter's investigation found that the smuggling that is still in full swing has caused all the chaos to hit the cotton, and the strength has dropped sharply. How to block smuggling in the future will be a key to determining the development of rare earths. Confessions of rare earth smugglers "only one in a thousand have a certificate of operation" The industry generally believes that the above-mentioned rare earth new policy will make mining rights more concentrated in the hands of central enterprises and local state-owned enterprises, but also means 70%-80% of enterprises in the industry. It will become a black household, which can be said to have a huge impact. This is also true, and a large number of rare earth smugglers are busy looking for sales because of policy tightening. Recently, the reporter contacted some rare earth merchants who rely on smuggling for survival all the time. They told reporters that with their own understanding of the whole industry, only one thousandth of formal enterprises, other large enterprises can only take risks for their livelihoods, and carry out illegal mining or smuggling. "You are a reporter, then your path must be very wide, can you help me transport it." In the QQ group, a smuggler named "Rare Earth Golden Land" was anxious to ask reporters. He claimed to be from Guangxi, and due to stricter national regulations, the recent illegal exploitation and smuggling of rare earths has become more difficult. "In fact, the state controls the exploitation of rare earth resources, foreign buyers will increasingly rely on smuggling, so the sales may be better, but the risk is indeed too great, if the goods are found (smuggled rare earth), even the car is confiscated, and The possibility of imprisonment." Of course, under the influence of interests, rare earth smugglers will not be willing to give up easily. "We also want to get a mining license, but that certificate needs several million yuan, and someone can do it. Even so, it may take several years for the mining license to be taken. We certainly can't afford it, and there is no way." “Rare Earth Golden Land†keeps pouring down bitter water. “In general, no one manages mining in its own site, but it has been checked too tightly in the near future, transportation is inconvenient, business volume has decreased, and at most, it can barely support itself.†Although it is difficult to say that it is difficult to survive, but for the willingness to be acquired by large enterprises, the "rare earth golden land" insists that everyone is doing small business, and integration is equivalent to smashing the rice bowl, so it is resolutely not accepted. "Actually, we also want to change, but all the funds have been invested, and now there is no way, only temporarily strong support." He said. It is understood that the state has been implementing the RBM directives for many years, but it has been referred to by the industry as “indiscriminate.†Taking 2011 as an example, the national total control index for rare earth mining is 93,800 tons, up 5.16% (4,600 tons) from 2010, but the total amount of rare earth actually mined exceeds the planning directive of the Ministry of Land and Resources every year. Tao Minmin, an investment consultant in the rare earth industry, also said that the interests are driven too much, so that the rare earth smugglers can't stop. “The profits of rare earth enterprises are extremely high. According to public data, the highest price of rare earths will reach 400,000 yuan per ton, even if it is 20,000 to 30,000 yuan per ton, it will be fully profitable. Take Zhangzhou, Hunan Province as an example. Many local small businesses rely on mining to make a fortune, relying on mountains to eat mountains. Many people in Jiangxi rely on illegal mining and sales of rare earth mines can buy a few luxury cars in one go." Tao Minmin said. Therefore, the industry has been circulating such a saying, "Rare earths take the profits of private heroin, but there is no risk of heroin." Other industry insiders also said that "the mining license has been reduced, but the amount of mining will not be reduced. As long as the private mine still exists, the stealing continues to steal, the smuggling smuggling, the rare earth industry problem. It is very difficult to solve.†What is even more worrying is that the domestic rare earth market has not improved as a whole, and the spot stock of products is still large. If the rare earth mine continues to steal and smuggle, the downturn in the industry will continue. Demystifying the means of smuggling and the doorway "Fancy often refurbished" data show that in order to protect precious and rare strategic mineral resources, China began to implement mandatory planning for rare earth production in 2007, and began to implement restrictions on rare earth exports, starting in 2009 After the state intensively controlled the export of rare earths and domestic production, the price of rare earths soared, and the problem of smuggling of rare earths began to be repeated, which became a major problem in the rectification of the rare earth industry. In recent years, global rare earth consumption has increased steadily, and China's export quotas are decreasing. For example, in 2009, it was about 5.01 million tons. In 2010, it was reduced to 30,200 tons. In 2011, it was 24,000 tons. But what is strange is that in 2011, rare earth exports actually had a 40% quota. At the same time, there is no shortage of rare earths in foreign countries, and the price of rare earths is still falling. This abnormal phenomenon indicates that the smuggling of rare earths has helped the underground front. Another data is even more shocking. A staff member of the China Rare Earth Association said in an interview with reporters that it was learned from friends in the industry that the smuggling of rare earths into the United States last year was serious. The amount of rare earth imported from China in the United States was the statistics of China Customs. 5 times the amount of rare earth exports. Then, how did these rare earths go abroad under the country’s “strict investigationâ€? It is reported that there are four or five kinds of rare earth smuggling methods. The most common one is to make a fuss about the product name. For example, products with high rare earth content are declared as low-level products, or products such as iron alloys and mail samples are used to evade supervision. Second, find a policy loophole. Some rare-earth products deep-processed by Chinese-funded enterprises in China often contain excessive amounts of rare earth elements. After the rare earth deep-processed products are exported, they extract rare earth elements abroad to escape the control of rare earth exports. Other methods include exporting the names of similar products with physical properties, making articles on the classification of product names, and so on. Every day, the cargo flow of the customs is relatively large, and it is impossible to achieve a full investigation. The enterprises use the above methods to easily drill and check the loopholes. In 2010, there were only 33 rare earth export enterprises with quotas set by the state, but there were 80 companies with rare earth exports, of which more than 40 were basically stolen companies or commodities, and some even The rare earth is mixed with other cheap commodities for illegal export. In addition, some industry insiders who did not want to be named broke the news that many small companies smuggling methods are also constantly being refurbished, including the smuggling of raw ore into Hong Kong by container or from Fujian to Taiwan for re-export, and finally to Japan, Vietnam and other places for separation and smelting. Tao Minmin admits that the government has made great efforts to crack down on illegal mining and smuggling, but the effect has been poor. Because many rare earth enterprises are very small in scale, some factories have only a dozen people, and even a few people have built a factory to mine and sell rare earth. Law enforcement personnel have come, and almost no responsible person can be found. Not only that, the rare earth mines are everywhere in the mountains in the south, especially in parts of Jiangxi. Local farmers directly exploit them. Due to the remote and geographical remoteness of some rare earth mines, it is extremely difficult for supervision. The regular army can not interfere with the "smuggling of small businesses to steal the market." The smuggling of smuggling has made the rare earth regular army, which was originally trapped in internal and external affairs, complain. A person in charge of a rare earth enterprise in Quzhou told reporters: "The current serious phenomenon of rare earth smuggling has a great impact on us, mainly in the price. The smuggled rare earth is not taxed, generally cheaper than the formal channel, resulting in a formal enterprise. Difficulties in operation.†The above-mentioned person in charge also pointed out that the price of rare earth began to fall after May this year. Later, due to the policy of purchasing and storage, it temporarily caused a small price increase, but the good times did not last long and the price soon began to decline. Overall, the decline in rare earth prices has been more than a year. Although it has entered the traditional peak season of “Golden September and Silver 10â€, the market still continues the trend of the previous downturn, the price has slowly declined, and there is no market price, and the transaction is light. At this time, if illegal mining and sales activities cannot be effectively controlled, it will have a bad impact on the market, and the days of regular rare earth enterprises will inevitably become more difficult. In fact, for the weak Chinese rare earth industry, smuggling is only the tip of the iceberg. Previously, from the ignorant sale to the serious pollution of the environment, and then to foreign countries, China's rare earth industry has always been heart-rending. Many people in the industry still remember that at the beginning of the rise of the industry, many small enterprises only focused on the immediate interests, blindly exploited, and due to backward technology, they caused serious damage to the environment during the mining and smelting of rare earths. At the same time, due to the vicious competition in the industry and the indiscriminate mining, the recoverable reserves of China have fallen sharply. The rare earth industry has been in a downturn and the price has plummeted. What is more noteworthy is that the value of rare earth, the “industrial goldâ€, is rare in the United States and other western countries with abundant rare earth resources, but it is imported from China. According to data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China is the world's largest producer and exporter of rare earths. Currently, rare earth reserves account for about 23% of the world's total, but supply accounts for more than 90% of the world's total. However, when China first began to take control, the United States, Japan and other countries immediately rushed to the WTO "notice", saying that China illegally controlled the export of rare earth. At the beginning of this year, the United States, Japan, and the European Union have appealed to the WTO against China's restrictions on rare earth exports. Under the situation of internal and external troubles, China's rare earth industry has been pushed to the edge of the cliff. However, looking back at the market in the first half of this year, the positive news released at the policy level has been: industry consolidation, implementation of rare earth special invoices, combating smuggling, strict environmental protection, and so on. If the policy was promulgated or even discussed before the third quarter of last year, it would be enough to trigger a wave of price hikes. But this year, the rare earth industry has changed from “policy sensitive†to “policy numbâ€. After the bursting of the bubble, the large inventory in the early period and the weak demand caused by the macroeconomic downturn, the superposition of the two factors, caused the market to fall into a recession. How to cure the industry's ills "The interests of all parties must be unified as soon as possible" It is clear that the rare earth industry is difficult to treat for a long time, but it cannot be ignored. In all the industry's shortcomings that need to be resolved, combating smuggling must first be put on the agenda. "Imagine that the export volume of rare earths counted by our State General Administration of Customs accounts for only about 40% of foreign rare earth imports. Obviously, most of the rare earths are smuggled out," said Zhu Zhiyu, an analyst at Zhuo Chuang Information Nonferrous Metals. In order to curb smuggling, we should increase the export quota management mechanism and increase the threshold for entry into the rare earth industry. The most important thing is to make more efforts in policy, and the regulation from the central government to the local government has been comprehensively improved. At the same time, the integration has increased. Strength, like the Baotou Steel Rare Earth in the north, the rare earth enterprises in the south will also be grouped.†Tao Minmin analyzed that the current rare earth industry in the south cannot be regionally integrated like the North, not because they do not have this capability, but everywhere. The government and various stakeholders are not unified. Quzhou Rare Earth is located in Jiangxi, Xiamen Tungsten Industry is affiliated to the Fujian State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and Guangzhao Nonferrous Metals is a subsidiary of the Guangdong State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission. If you want to integrate as soon as possible, the interests of all parties must make concessions and reach an agreement as soon as possible. Da Yong Securities Investment Consultant Fu Yongzhen also believes that the rare earth industry will enter a faster integration path. With the gradual tightening of the rare earth policy and the acceleration of industry integration, some large leading enterprises will gradually take shape. Facing the impact of overseas mines and the possible shrinking market capacity, promoting the advanced structure of the industry and increasing the added value of products is the only way to achieve sustainable development of the domestic rare earth industry; and to increase the concentration of the industry, eventually forming two or three large enterprise groups is doing A key step in the strong rare earth industry. In addition to smuggling, the rare earth industry analysts also said in an interview that China's rare earth industry is very weak in deep processing, especially the high-tech research and development efforts are not enough, so that its rich rare earth resources completely lose its advantage. Especially in the international competition, it is more necessary to improve the scientific research and development of China. We should take advantage of the advantages of resources and simply rely on the export of raw materials to drive GDP growth. This is not only a waste of natural resources, but also may cause China's future economic development to be insufficient. It has long been emphasized that just as oil is the wealth of Arabs, it not only brings money to the oil-producing countries of the Middle East, but also gives them a certain international voice. Rare earths are also rare treasures of the Chinese. China must protect, develop and utilize limited rare earth resources and raise them to national strategic heights. For the future of China's rare earth industry, Zhu Zhiyu predicted, "We will gradually weaken the role of the world's major supplier of rare earths, and the export volume of rare earths will continue to decline. At the same time, the state will promote the self-owned digestion capacity of rare earth resources, and its protection will also be Will be further strengthened." The reporter observed the cost of rare earth smuggling. Due to the lack of necessary management norms in the early stage, rare earths, like many other minerals, have become the capital of the local people to “see the mountains and eat mountainsâ€. Many people who have not come out of the mountains have profited from this simple, almost primitive transaction. These privately-owned rare earth people have lived a wealthy life by relying on resource advantages. They have houses and cars. However, few of them realize that they are encroaching on the resources of their grandchildren. There is no rule to dig and dig, leaving nothing but devastating. It seems that for rare earth smugglers, it has become a habit to be deliberate. They clearly know that they violate the rules, but they still dare to take risks. Because of the drive of money, because they are more concerned about the immediate interests than the responsibility of the children and grandchildren. They still don't know another, more important fact, that the rare earths that were produced are sold to other countries and support the high-tech development of other countries. When these high-tech products were made and sold back to the Chinese market, they made a big profit in our compatriots. Is this a kind of "ignorance" sin? How much more do we have to pay for such ignorance? Nowadays, policy tightening, it is a sneaky business has become more difficult. In the dialogue with the smugglers, the reporters also felt their helplessness. "We want to change, but all the funds have been invested. Now we have no way, we can only maintain our livelihood for the time being." The integration of the rare earth industry is going on, and it is bound to be an impact on these illegal private companies. When the reporter asked some private miners whether to accept the integration, they were very firm and said "not accepting, if integrated, our means of livelihood will be gone." Perhaps the long-term weapon to change the smuggling of rare earths is not policy, but education.
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