"Racing" If shale gas by 2020 China's annual production of shale gas can reach 600 billion to 100 billion cubic meters, is promising to change the pattern of development of oil and gas resources in China, has become an important pillar of China's energy. On September 10, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued an announcement on the official website to openly invite bids for shale gas exploration rights to various types of investment entities in the society. The tender has launched a total of 20 blocks with a total area of ​​20002 square kilometers, distributed in eight provinces (cities) of Chongqing, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui and Henan. According to the announcement, all registered capital in the territory of the People's Republic of China with a registered capital of more than RMB 300 million, with oil and gas or gas mineral exploration qualifications, or with domestic enterprises with established qualifications, and Chinese-controlled Chinese and foreign companies Joint ventures can bid. At present, China has drilled 63 holes in the shale gas development experimental area, of which 30 wells have obtained industrial gas flow. “The scientific and technological research in resource evaluation, horizontal well drilling and reservoir reconstruction has also made significant progress, and breakthroughs have been made in the development of key equipment for shale gas such as large fracturing trucks and drillable bridge plugs.†Deputy Director of the National Development and Reform Commission, the State The Director of the Energy Bureau, Liu Tienan, introduced. Analysts believe that if the annual output of shale gas in China can reach 60 billion to 100 billion cubic meters by 2020, it is hopeful to change the development pattern of China's oil and gas resources and become an important pillar of China's energy. Some people therefore believe that shale gas will change the energy landscape of our country. After the development of shale gas in the United States has greatly enhanced energy independence, the relevant shale gas-rich countries have turned their attention to this field, but in reality they are faced with lack of technology or not mature enough, and development may bring environmental impact. Many problems such as high investment costs. China has proven land shale gas geological resources of 134.42 trillion cubic meters, recoverable resources such as shale gas, tight sandstone gas, coalbed methane and other unconventional natural gas and conventional oil and natural gas potential of 25 trillion cubic meters, greatly exceeding United States. However, the amount of mining in the United States in 2011 has reached 180 billion cubic meters, while China has started from zero. The US shale gas mining technology route has been very clear, and researchers believe that because of the different geological conditions in China, whether US technology is suitable for China, further practice is needed. Landing in the future is aimed at the exploration and development of shale gas in the future , and relevant local governments are actively deploying. In the near term, in August, Chongqing held a special work conference on shale gas development, and proposed to fight 150 to 200 shale gas wells by 2015. The annual output of shale gas will reach 1.3 billion to 1.5 billion cubic meters. The main battlefield for the comprehensive development and utilization of shale gas in the country. According to the national shale gas resource strategic selection and evaluation work, Chongqing's shale gas resources are abundant, the shale gas geological resources are about 12.75 trillion cubic meters, and the estimated recoverable resources are 2.05 trillion cubic meters. It ranks third in the country and has favorable conditions for large-scale development and utilization. Sichuan Province and China National Petroleum Corporation also signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement in Chengdu in July, the main target is also shale gas. Also in July, Shanxi Province also held a seminar on the development and utilization of shale gas, inviting domestic and foreign experts to make suggestions. In June, Jiangxi Province shale gas investigation and development research institute was established, which is also the country's first shale gas investigation and development research institute. Jiangxi is one of the few provinces in the shale gas survey and assessment work in the forefront of the country. It is estimated that the shale gas geological resources of some layers in the northwestern Yunnan and Pingle depressions are 1.18 trillion cubic meters, and the recoverable resources are 0.25 trillion cubic meters, equivalent to the total planned utilization of natural gas in the province in 2012. 250 times. Earlier in May, the Henan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Minerals signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement with the Provincial Coalbed Methane Development and Utilization Co., Ltd., and the two sides joined forces to enter the field of shale gas resource exploration and development and accelerate the construction of new energy in the province. According to the strategic cooperation framework agreement, the two sides have taken advantage of capital, technology and talents to further increase the exploration of shale gas resources and find out the shale gas family in the province, thus changing the energy structure of Henan Province. Compared with the deployment at the local government level, the enterprise as the main body of development is the main battlefield for future competition. The five major power central enterprises and the provincial energy (electricity) groups and investment groups participated in the project. In the view of the relevant enterprises, nearly 70% of China's power generation enterprises are thermal power, relying too much on coal to make electricity companies suffer from high coal prices, and the concept of competing for upstream resources has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. For example, the development of rich new resources through shale gas is of great significance to electric power enterprises: the large-scale development and application of shale gas can help to curb the rise in coal prices; power companies have greater choice in raw materials, and they have Enterprises have an additional negotiation weight; in addition, the gas-electric joint venture model can significantly improve the economic efficiency of power plants. "Whether it is a local government or a company, it is now actively rushing to the beach, aiming at the future. There is not much benefit in the moment, but all of them have set a goal for development." An energy researcher told the "Weekly" Newsweek, page As a new mineral, rock gas is a "real estate" type of wealth as long as it is proved in the province (city). "Living" is only a matter of time. Under the current pressure of energy conservation and emission reduction, the local government is also eager to improve the energy supply structure and achieve low carbon development. For enterprises, "in the face of a new 'treasure', who is going to dig now, can you not be excited?" The new model for private enterprises is different from the invitation method for the first round of shale gas prospecting in June 2011. This round of bidding has no difference between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, and it is also open to some foreign capital. Li Liang, deputy chief economist and policy research director of China United Coal, believes that it is an opportunity for private enterprises to enter the shale gas market. Among the more than 70 units interested in participating in the tender, private enterprises accounted for 1/3. Researchers say that the cost of drilling a shale gas well ranges from tens of millions to 100 million yuan. Many private companies are now exploring lower cost drilling technologies and models and have made positive progress. On the other hand, China's shale gas exploration and development investment has been scarce. In 2011, the investment for shale gas exploration and development in China was less than 1 billion yuan. In recent years, the total investment in shale gas exploration and development in China has been less than 7 billion yuan. The investment in conventional oil and gas exploration and development has reached more than 60 billion yuan. Researchers believe that involving private enterprises in the early stage of the industry will help accelerate the development of China's shale gas industry. Although private enterprises have insufficient initial technical reserves and experience, they also have their own advantages. For example, technological innovation can make up for the disadvantages in terms of capital, etc., and it is more likely to be accepted by foreign companies in technology introduction. However, the participation of private enterprises is also facing real problems such as high risks, high costs and long operating cycles. Experts believe that in addition to lowering the bidding threshold, the Ministry of Land and Resources will also reduce the area of ​​the tendering block. In fact, there are also considerations for the private enterprises to participate in the exploration and development. Although the second round of bidding has a restriction on the registered capital of participating enterprises of more than 300 million yuan, in actual development work, only the cost of exploration and drilling is in the billions, and there will be pipe network facilities and liquefaction facilities in the later stage. With the investment in terminal facilities, it is difficult for companies with insufficient capital strength to implement development. How to make private enterprises better participate in the development of shale gas, and some places have also made useful attempts. On July 11, Sichuan Province and PetroChina signed the "Cooperation Agreement on the Establishment of Sichuan Changning Natural Gas Development Co., Ltd.", which is expected to form a development model for central enterprises + local governments + private enterprises. According to the above agreement, PetroChina will speed up the implementation of the plan in the next few years, and strive to promote the construction of the Changning-Weiyuan national shale gas demonstration zone and integrate the key technologies of shale gas exploration and development as soon as possible. Experts said, "The exploration and development of shale gas requires a lot of capital investment, and the technical requirements are also very high. Even if private enterprises successfully bid, there is a great risk in the field of shale gas exploration and development alone. At the same time, private enterprises have minimized their own risks.†Industry analysts believe that for private enterprises to enter the shale gas industry, this is a new model that will bring unconventional natural gas development. Into a new era. Drawing on and exploring together to promote newcomers in the field of shale gas, Chinese companies face technical difficulties. Huang Wensheng, the secretary-general of Sinopec, believes that strengthening cooperation with foreign companies has become one of the paths. For example, Sino-Petro's recently acquired German company is one of the first companies in the United States to carry out shale gas business. The company began to develop shale gas more than a decade ago. In the past, shale gas development used vertical well technology, and the output was not much. With the sharp rise in international oil and gas prices in recent years, horizontal well technology has also made breakthroughs, and shale gas has been able to achieve mass production. This is the key to the explosive growth of shale gas production in the United States. Experts pointed out that China has only initially mastered the shale gas straight well fracturing technology. In order to adopt this technology for large-scale gas production, large-scale hydraulic fracturing is required, but the cost is too high and the damage to the formation is large, and the United States has stopped using it. China's key technologies such as horizontal well technology, especially staged fracturing, have yet to be broken. While China hopes to introduce mature technology from the United States, it also faces the problem of technical applicability. Researchers told this reporter that China's geological structure is different from that of the United States. The shale in the United States is marine shale, and most of China is continental shale. The US shale itself has a high content of silicone grease and is easily fractured, while the Chinese shale has a high soil content and is easily collapsed after fracture. All of these make it impossible for China to directly use the American ready-made technology. China's shale gas development needs to learn from foreign experience and take China's own path. Experts believe that China needs to speed up the research of key technologies, increase investment in science and technology, adopt a combination of introduction and independent innovation, and gradually form a core technology system for exploration and development that is suitable for the characteristics of shale gas in China. Research around shale gas related technologies is also speeding up. At present, Sinopec has been able to produce horizontal wells of 2000 meters, segmented and fractured 21 sections, and has obtained industrial gas flow in Sichuan. In addition to technical barriers, researchers believe that the gap between China and the United States is more reflected in the market development mechanism. On September 11th, at the press conference of “Natural Gas Pricing and Supervision: China's Challenges and International Experiencesâ€, jointly organized by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and China Energy Network (China5e) and the EU Representative Office in China, China Energy Han Xiaoping, chief information officer of the network, said that the price of natural gas in the United States is very cheap, about 0.4 yuan / cubic meter, and the gas price can reach 0.6 yuan / cubic meter to make money. The developed natural gas pipeline network in the United States has greatly reduced the cost of developing and utilizing shale gas. In the case of China's domestic pricing of more than 1 yuan, some large companies are more willing to invest in the United States, the reason is the market environment. "Compared with the United States, the construction of China's pipeline network facilities is lagging behind, and the existing pipeline network facilities are not stable, monopolized in terms of third-party access, market opening, etc., lack of policy support. With the development of shale gas scale, infrastructure Insufficient problems will become a bottleneck restricting the development and utilization of shale gas, said Zhang Dawei, deputy director of the Oil and Gas Resource Strategy Research Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources. In addition, the current price formation mechanism for natural gas has not been straightened out. With the acceleration of shale gas development, it will inevitably encounter the current natural gas problem. Relevant departments have attached great importance to the above issues. From September 13th to 14th, the Sino-US government shale gas regulation seminar was held in San Antonio, USA. The US side highlighted the development of natural gas industry regulation, the role of the government in promoting shale gas development, shale gas block mineral rights management, natural gas infrastructure construction, environmental and safety supervision, and shale gas development for transportation facilities. Influence and other aspects. “The content is very rich and highly targeted. This is of great learning and reference value for China, which is still in its infancy in shale gas development,†said a member of the National Energy Administration who attended the meeting.
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