The Japan Industrial Technology Research Institute, in collaboration with Sustainable Titania Technology, has introduced a groundbreaking innovation aimed at addressing the issue of Potential Induced Degradation (PID) in solar cell modules. PID is a common problem that leads to a significant drop in power output over time, particularly under high humidity and voltage conditions. This new technology offers a cost-effective solution by applying a thin film composed of titanium oxide-based composite materials onto the glass substrates used in solar panels.
The process involves coating the glass with a solution using the "Doctor Blade" method, where the material is evenly spread across the surface. After the coating is applied, it is dried and then heat-treated at temperatures ranging from 200°C to 450°C for 15 minutes. This simple yet effective approach ensures the formation of a protective layer that prevents the migration of sodium ions—often the root cause of PID.
In testing, this technology was applied to a 18cm×18cm solar module, and a PID test was conducted under harsh conditions: -1000V, 85°C, and for two hours. The results were promising—the conversion efficiency remained stable, with only a minor decrease compared to conventional modules, which typically see a dramatic drop from 15.9% to 0.6%. This indicates that the new film effectively blocks ion diffusion, thus preventing degradation.
Looking ahead, researchers plan to refine the material composition, optimize the film thickness, and explore the underlying mechanisms behind PID suppression. Further tests on large-area modules are also expected to validate the technology’s scalability and long-term performance.
This development will be presented in detail at the “Production Research Institute Photovoltaic Power Generation Engineering Research Center Results Report 2013†conference, taking place at the Tsukuba International Conference Center on June 4 and 5, 2013. The findings represent a significant step forward in improving the reliability and longevity of photovoltaic systems, making solar energy more efficient and sustainable.
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