First, Copper Deficiency
Copper deficiency in cattle can lead to a range of serious health issues. Common symptoms include weight loss, anemia, proteinuria after calving, reduced milk production, fading hair, rough coat, slow growth in yaks, frequent diarrhea, brittle bones, swollen joints, and hoof problems such as the hoof tip touching the ground first. These signs are often caused by insufficient copper in the feed or excessive levels of molybdenum, zinc, iron, lead, or calcium carbonate. To manage this condition, it is recommended to mix copper sulfate into the feed at a concentration of 0.5% of the salt content. Cows should be allowed to consume this mixture once every other day for effective supplementation.
Second, Iodine Deficiency
Iodine deficiency can result in several noticeable symptoms such as enlarged thyroid glands, slow growth, weight loss, anemia, hair loss, and reduced fertility in cattle. This condition typically arises when the feed or drinking water lacks sufficient iodine. A practical solution is to add iodized salt to the feed or mix 250 mg of potassium iodide with 1 kg of salt. This helps restore the necessary iodine levels and supports normal metabolic functions in affected animals.
Third, Selenium Deficiency
Selenium deficiency can have severe consequences, including lack of energy, stiff limbs, rapid breathing, irregular heartbeats, muscle tremors, difficulty standing, unsteady gait, and even complete paralysis in severe cases. Affected animals may also experience loss of appetite, constipation or diarrhea, and eventually develop edema before succumbing to the condition. The primary cause is often a lack of selenium in the diet or an overabundance of other minerals like sulfur. Treatment involves injecting 0.9% sodium selenite intramuscularly—5 to 10 ml per yak per dose, with larger cattle receiving a proportionally higher amount. Repeat injections every 10 to 20 days for best results.
Fourth, Zinc Deficiency
Zinc-deficient cattle often show skin problems that resemble dermatitis, particularly on the nose, anus, vulva, tail tip, ears, hind legs, and neck. This condition is usually due to low zinc levels in the feed or high calcium content. To address this issue, it's advisable to add 0.02% zinc sulfate or zinc carbonate to the feed. For more severe cases, inject 2–4 ml of zinc sulfate per kilogram of body weight. Regular supplementation can significantly improve skin health and overall vitality in affected animals.
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