Abstract Recently, when China announced that the supercomputer "Tianhe No. 1" has more than 300 service users and became the core productivity of some fields, Russia's plan to join the world supercomputer club is exposed, and the National Academy of Sciences began to manufacture...
Recently, when China announced that the supercomputer "Tianhe No. 1" has more than 300 service users and became the core productivity of some fields, Russia's plan to join the world supercomputer club is exposed. The Academy of Sciences has begun to manufacture floating-point operation speed of 10,000 per second. Teraflops of the country's most powerful supercomputer. As a supercomputer power, the United States and Japan have already made efforts in this field and are trying to win the top spot in supercomputers. However, this is just a competition in traditional computers. Countries and regions are stepping up competition in the traditional computer field. At the same time, when you chase after you, you have already turned your attention to a new field of "double swords" in quantum mechanics and modern information science, making the speed of computing and the performance of incredible quantum. Computers, and thus open the country's "quantum era."
Epoch-making scientific revolution
"How powerful is the computing power of quantum computers?" This is a problem that people often think of.
In this regard, Guo Guangcan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, responded in an exclusive interview with this reporter: "When an electronic computer appeared, the computing tools used by humans were surprisingly slow. Similarly, In the face of quantum computers, electronic computers are an abacus that is uncompromising."
Of course, the above is just an analogy of the image. How to specifically quantify the quantum computing power? Guo Guangcan said that in 1994, it took eight months to implement a classic operation with 1600 workstations. The large number of 129 digits was successfully decomposed into two prime numbers. If you use a quantum computer, you can crack it in 1 second. As the length of the number increases, the time required for the computer will increase exponentially. For example, the number of digits is 1000 bits. The time required to decompose it is longer than the age of the universe, and the time spent by quantum computers is polynomial. Cracked soon.
Guo Guangcan believes that quantum computers will set off an epoch-making scientific revolution. He said that because of its powerful computing power, it can solve some problems that electronic computers are difficult or impossible to solve, and provide humans with a powerful new model of computing tools, greatly enhancing the ability of humans to analyze and solve problems. Advance research in various fields. Once human beings master this powerful computing tool, human civilization will develop into a new era.
Wonderful quantum superposition
Why do quantum computers greatly exceed traditional computers and have superior computing power? Guo Guangcan explained that this is determined by the parallel computing mode of quantum computers and the serial computing mode of traditional electronic computers. This still sounds abstract and confusing. Because the following problems arise: "What is the parallel computing mode, what is the serial computing mode? What is the result of these two computing modes?"
The quantum state superposition principle indicates that the quantum memory has two possible states of "0" or "1". The memory is generally in a superposition state of two states of "0" and "1", so one quantum memory can be simultaneously stored. "0" and "1" two data, while a traditional computer processor can only store one of the data. If there are two bits of memory, the quantum memory can store four data of "00", "01", "10", and "11" at the same time, while the conventional memory can only store one of the data. It is not difficult to imagine that n-bit quantum memory can store 2n data at the same time, while traditional computer memory can only store one of the data.
It can be seen that the quantum memory has 2n times the capacity to store data. As the number of bits of memory n increases exponentially, when n = 250, the small quantum computer can store more data than is known in the universe. It is based on the principle of quantum state superposition that quantum computers have enormous ability to store data. Therefore, once they are operated, they can simultaneously convert 2n of their stored data into new 2n data, which is a parallel computing mode with greatly improved efficiency. Http://
What is causing this is undoubtedly the wonderful "state superposition principle" of the quantum world. Guo Guangcan pointed out that in the classic world, it is either 1, or 0, or yes or no, either upstairs or downstairs. It is impossible to have a superposition of the two, which is what is in the quantum world. Uncertain, the state is superimposed.
Decisive battle quantum chip
Regarding the development of quantum computers, Guo Guangcan said that in view of the powerful functions and special strategic significance of quantum computers, scientists in related fields have invested in research and development in the past 20 years. Although they are faced with many technical obstacles, they have made some important progress and confirmed The development of quantum computers does not have insurmountable difficulties. As the core component of quantum computers, the development and development of quantum chips has become the top priority for the United States, Japan and other technological powers.
The US Quantum Chip Research Program was named the "Micro-Manhattan Project," and it can be seen that the United States has raised the program to almost the same height as the "Manhattan Project" that developed the atomic bomb during World War II. Guo Guangcan said that in view of the importance of quantum chips in the next generation of industries and national security, Tate, the head of the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the US Department of Defense, listed semiconductor quantum chip technology as the future when reporting to the US House of Representatives Military Committee. The second largest strategic research program, and invested heavily in the launch of the Micro-Manhattan project, which concentrated on semiconductor giants such as Intel and IBM, as well as famous research institutions such as Harvard University, Princeton University, and Sandia National Laboratory. All departments have coordinated research across disciplines. Under this stimulus, Japan also followed closely to launch similar programs, triggering a new round of international competition on quantum computing technology.
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