In summer, managing vegetable cultivation requires careful attention to several key factors. First and foremost is temperature control. Vegetables are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations, especially during the night when high temperatures can lead to excessive growth. This not only affects their development but also weakens their overall health. Therefore, maintaining an optimal temperature range is crucial for growing strong, healthy plants.
During the hot summer months, greenhouse temperatures often exceed 40°C, which can hinder normal plant growth. To counter this, it's important to increase ventilation and use shading materials such as shade nets and cooling agents. These measures help lower the temperature and create a more favorable environment for the vegetables. Additionally, maximizing the temperature difference between day and night can prevent overgrowth and promote stronger root systems.
Moisture management is another critical aspect of summer vegetable farming. Soil moisture plays a vital role in plant development, but overwatering can lead to problems like root rot and weak growth. It’s essential to balance watering practices by using both large and small waterings. This approach ensures that the plants receive enough water without becoming overly saturated. Watering should be done early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the midday heat, which can stress the plants.
Different vegetables have varying water needs. For example, melon crops require more frequent watering, while others prefer drier conditions. Farmers should adjust their irrigation schedules accordingly. In some cases, reducing water after transplanting can help strengthen the plants and improve their resilience.
Nutrient management is equally important. High ground temperatures and poor soil structure, especially in flat planting areas, can limit root development. Applying bio-fertilizers at planting time can enhance soil quality and promote healthier root systems. This not only supports better growth but also increases the plants’ resistance to diseases and environmental stress.
For weaker plants, foliar sprays containing chitin and biological fertilizers can stimulate growth and improve plant vigor. These natural supplements provide essential nutrients and support the plant’s immune system.
Lastly, disease prevention is a priority during the summer season. High humidity and heat create ideal conditions for pests and diseases to thrive. Early intervention is key. Installing insect nets on vents can reduce pest entry, while regular spraying of preventive treatments helps control outbreaks. Common treatments include solutions like 77.2% Polyoxin D at 600 times dilution for fungal diseases, 500 times diluted virus A mixed with Ningxia for viral infections, and 47% Gavino WP at 600 times for bacterial leaf spot.
By focusing on these four key areas—temperature, moisture, nutrients, and disease prevention—farmers can ensure successful summer vegetable cultivation. With proper care and attention, even challenging conditions can be managed effectively, leading to healthier, more productive crops. (Gansu Science and Technology News - Xue Yuxia)
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