The difference between rosewood and huanghuali

With the rise in value of Huanghua Pear and its furniture, China has witnessed a trend where "the people of China compete for huanghuali." Known for its elegant patterns, soft hues, and long-lasting fragrance, Huanghua Pear is highly versatile when it comes to blending colors. It offers excellent workability, moderate hardness, and resistance to deformation, which has made it a favorite among Chinese consumers. However, despite only a one-word difference between rosewood and huanghuali, their market prices can differ by nearly a thousand times. So, what exactly sets them apart? First, from a botanical perspective, both are members of the legume family but belong to different genera. According to the "National Redwood Standards," Huanghua Pear, also known as rosewood mother, downywood, and fragrant mahogany, belongs to the Dalbergia genus. It is characterized by a semi-annular to loose pore structure, with visible growth rings, heartwood that turns purple-red or dark reddish-brown when freshly cut, often featuring black streaks. The wood fibers are thick-walled, and under magnification, wave-like wood rays are visible. Freshly cut surfaces emit a strong spicy aroma that fades slightly over time. Its fine texture and oblique or staggered grain make it ideal for intricate carvings. The air-dry density ranges between 0.82–0.94 g/cm³. On the other hand, rosewood, defined under the same standard, falls under the Pterocarpus genus. It typically has a fine structure, with heartwood ranging from reddish-brown to purple, often marked with dark stripes. When dried to 12% moisture content, its air-dry density exceeds 0.76 g/cm³. There are numerous species of rosewood, including Yueqing rosewood, Andaman rosewood, Hedgehog rosewood, Indian rosewood, large fruit rosewood, sacred rosewood, and bird foot rosewood. Woods with an air-dry density below 0.76 g/cm³ are classified as Asian pears, such as Angola red sandalwood, Philippine red sandalwood, Anhe red sandalwood, African red sandalwood, and color red rosewood. This shows that although both woods are from the legume family, they belong to different genera, and their densities vary significantly. Second, while rosewood has a pleasant, spicy scent, it is not as soft or aromatic as Huanghua Pear. Moreover, Huanghua Pear has been valued for its medicinal properties. Modern scientific research suggests that essential oils extracted from Huanghua Pear can stimulate cell regeneration and metabolism, benefiting dry skin. It helps reduce wrinkles, promotes skin tissue repair, and enhances elasticity. The oil also possesses antibacterial, insect-repelling, and stress-relieving effects. Burning Huanghua Pear wood can be used for aromatherapy, especially in rooms where elderly individuals or those in poor health reside, helping to provide daily comfort and well-being. Historically, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the distinction between rosewood and Huanghua Pear was less clear. Ming-style classical furniture refers to high-quality hardwood pieces produced during the mid-to-late Ming and early Qing periods, often made from Huanghua Pear, rosewood, ironwood, and chicken wing wood. Examining the artifacts in the Forbidden City, it's evident that even in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, some high-quality rosewood was used for large furniture pieces. From that point on, furniture made from rosewood and Huanghua Pear became the core of Chinese hardwood furniture culture. In this way, both woods have become key elements in preserving the legacy of traditional Chinese furniture craftsmanship.

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