When asked about the importance of feed processing for poultry nutrition, most nutritionists talk about the importance of particle quality, or when some nutrients may be damaged during processing, but few people will look at feed mills. Into a "chemical laboratory" in which the combination of heat, time and reactants to produce the final product. Years ago, feed mills were just a place to mix cereals into powders. Nowadays, with new enzymes, additives to promote antibody production, genetically modified grains and some new processing techniques, feed mills will become a feed formulation process. component. In the past, we were concerned about getting enough nutrients for poultry. In the future, we need to care more about the entire process. Those who have the ability to make the most economical feeds with the right time, temperature, and chemical reactants at a low processing cost can produce the lowest cost products. When we look at the current feed processing process, we may need to go beyond a little routine. For example, excessive moisture is a bad thing. For another example, according to the traditional saying, as long as the degree of gelatinization of cereal starch can improve the quality of pellets and improve the nutritional level of poultry, is this true? 
Almost all animal feed dietitians have learned the importance of water as a nutrient, but not many dietitians consider water when formulating feed formulations, probably because of fear that high moisture can cause mildew in storage. Feed quality. However, adding water can reduce the cost of pellet production, increase feed conversion and animal growth. Poultry loves to eat wet feed, and poultry fed with water feed grows faster.
Feed manufacturers are committed to producing high quality pellets at minimum production costs (Mommer and Ballantyne, 1991). Pellet feed, intact pellets, can significantly promote poultry growth and increase feed conversion (Briggs et al., 1999). Fairchild and Greer (1999) confirmed that increasing the moisture content of the material in the mixer can increase particle stability and reduce the energy consumption of the granulator, thereby improving the quality of the pellets and reducing the cost of the feed mill. Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between particle quality and poultry feed efficiency (Moran, 1989, Nir et al., 1994).
We have found that the moisture content of the materials in the feed processing varies greatly in terms of particle stability and starch gelatinization of the resulting product. The high-moisture pellets used to prepare young and medium-sized diets have better stability and gelatinization than the same feed with low moisture, and have the most significant effect on broilers in the 3-6 weeks of growing season. The weight gain and feed efficiency of the living body were significantly higher than that of the powder, the high moisture treatment and the addition of the surfactant, the water diluted the nutrients, and the corrected feed efficiency showed that the feed efficiency of the high moisture granulation group was significantly higher than that of the other treatment groups. . A possible explanation for this is that broilers fed high-moisture pellets are better able to use feed energy for growth and energy production instead of feeding and maintaining energy, while broilers are eating intact granules with good stability. The energy consumed is lower than that of pelleted feed with poor feed stability and high powder content. Previous research supports this speculation (Moran, 1989, Nir et al., 1994). The addition of water did not affect mortality, but the mortality of the granulation group was significantly higher than that of the powder group.
We have conducted other studies with the main purpose of identifying the relationship between water addition, granulation, pellet quality, nutrient concentration and broiler growth. The difference in nutrient concentration of the formula significantly affects the quality of the pellet. The treatment group adjusted for the nutrient concentration of the formula had a higher granulation yield than the treatment group of the unadjusted formula. This may be the result of a high soy oil content in the adjusted formula that helps to lubricate the ring mold. Compared with the NRC formula treatment, the particles produced by the adjustment of the formulation have a significantly reduced stability and a higher powder content. Nevertheless, when the quality of the particles treated in the test was compared with the control treatment, the addition of water significantly improved the stability of the particles and reduced the powder content. This finding is particularly important because of the high levels of soybean oil in the treatment of the formulated formulation. Previous studies have shown that corn, soy-type broiler feeds that increase fat to more than 2% before granulation reduce particle quality in terms of stability and powder content (Richardson and Day, 1976). In some of our studies, the addition of grease to 6.5% and the addition of water prior to granulation resulted in particles with a stability of 75% and a powder content of less than 27%. The conclusion from these results is that the addition of water may increase the granulator output and significantly improve the quality of the granules. Broiler growth is also unaffected by the type of water added, but if the nutrient concentration of the formula is not adjusted, it will significantly affect growth. Feeding the broiler chicken with the adjusted formula, the body weight gain was significantly improved, the feed intake was significantly reduced, and the feed efficiency was significantly improved. These data support the adjusted feed efficiency calculations in the first study. Mortality was not affected by trial treatment. Adjusting the diet formula is the only type of treatment that gives the body weight gain higher than the control. Both control groups were superior to their corresponding test groups in terms of feed efficiency, perhaps because the nutrient concentrations of the two control groups were greater than the corresponding test groups and the feed intake was reduced. Contrary to the speculation of the first study, the adjusted control group had the lowest stability of all treatments, but the feed efficiency was the highest, while the in vivo weight gain was the lowest of all treatments, although the formula had the most Concentrated nutrients make it difficult to raise broilers in this state. One possible explanation for this result is that the study was conducted in March and April, where the outside temperature was ideal for brooding, while the previous study was carried out in much colder November and December, the ideal external environment. Temperature may reduce the maintenance energy needs of broilers. Nir et al. propose that production energy is defined as net energy minus maintenance energy. Although improving the quality of the granules should increase the production energy, the increase in (production) energy may be superfluous compared to the low maintenance energy requirement and the fixed protein content in the diet. Previous studies have also shown that broilers raised from 3 weeks to the market at suitable ambient temperatures have reduced feed efficiency despite improved pellet quality (Acar et al., 1991). There is no difference between the control treatment and the trial treatment. From these data, it was concluded that adjusting the formulation of broiler diets during the growing season, including adding water before preparation and granulation, can promote the growth of broilers for 3 or 6 weeks without affecting broiler survival.
Concerns about the mildew of the feed should not be a problem, as the water content of both studies did not exceed 16%. Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium have adverse effects on poultry, but these fungi require a minimum water content of 19%-25% Tri (Trigo-Stock-li and Herrman, MF-2061), although dietitians This water content will not be accepted.
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