Lycoris radiata, also known as "Manzhu Shahua" or safflower Lycoris, is a striking red flower belonging to the genus Lycoris. This perennial herb features spherical bulbs underground, covered in dark brown, membranous scales. Its narrow, dark green leaves emerge from the base and typically appear in late autumn, while the foliage dies back in early summer. The plant blooms in late summer to early autumn, usually between July and September. The flowering stems can reach 30–60 cm in height, bearing 4–6 clusters of flowers at the top. The petals are lance-shaped, often red but sometimes white, curling backward with wrinkled edges. The flower tube is very short, and the stamens and style are prominent, giving the bloom a distinctive appearance with a diameter exceeding 6 cm.
Lycoris is a self-pollinating plant, and its capsules split open on the back, releasing numerous seeds. The bulbs generally take 3–4 years to mature. Due to the fact that the flowers and leaves never appear at the same time, it's referred to as "Bianhua" (meaning "changing flower"). It has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties, such as reducing swelling, killing insects, treating lymph node tuberculosis, acne, edema, rheumatoid arthritis, snake bites, and even for pest control and plague prevention. Because of these benefits, it is often called the "patron saint of health" or "the flower of relics."
In terms of growth habits, Lycoris thrives in shady, humid environments, particularly in red soil. It has strong cold tolerance and can withstand temperatures up to an average of 24°C. While it prefers moist conditions, it is also drought-resistant. It grows best in loose, acidic soil rich in organic matter. One unique trait is its summer dormancy, where the plant goes dormant during the hottest months.
The life cycle of Lycoris is quite fascinating. In spring, the bulb begins to grow, and leaves appear in summer. The flowers then bloom in the fall, while the leaves gradually wither in winter. This cycle gives it a symbolic meaning of rebirth and separation, as the leaves and flowers never meet.
The bulb contains an alkaloid called lycorine, which can cause vomiting and phlegm production. However, it also has effects on the central nervous system, making it useful for sedation, inhibiting drug metabolism, and even showing potential anti-cancer properties.
In Japanese culture, Lycoris is often associated with death and mourning due to its bright red color and blooming near cemeteries, especially around the autumn equinox, a time of remembrance. It is commonly used in funerals and is known as the "flower of death." However, in China, it is seen more as a festive and colorful flower, often planted in gardens and public spaces.
Lycoris is widely cultivated in villa gardens, where hundreds of plants are often planted together to create a stunning visual display in the fall. Its vibrant colors make it a popular choice for ornamental use. However, buyers should be cautious, as some unscrupulous sellers may confuse Lycoris with narcissus due to their similar rhizomes.
This beautiful flower can be found in scenic areas such as Dali, Lijiang, Taiwan, Taroko, Japan, and Jiangsu. Whether admired for its beauty, symbolism, or medicinal value, Lycoris remains a remarkable and culturally significant plant.
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