Routers can be found everywhere in the Internet at all levels of the network. Access networks allow homes and small businesses to connect to an Internet service provider; routers in the enterprise network connect thousands of computers in a campus or enterprise; router terminal systems on the backbone often cannot be accessed directly. Connect ISPs and corporate networks on long-distance backbone networks. The rapid development of the Internet has brought different challenges to the backbone network, enterprise network, or access network. The backbone network requires the router to perform high-speed route forwarding on a small number of links. Enterprise-class routers not only require a large number of ports and are inexpensive, but also require simple configuration and provide QoS.
Access router
Access routers connect small business customers in homes or ISPs. Access routers have begun not just to provide SLIP or PPP connections, but also support virtual private network protocols such as PPTP and IPSec. These protocols need to be able to run on each port. Technologies such as ADSL will soon increase the available bandwidth for each home, which will further increase the burden on access routers. Due to these trends, access routers will support many heterogeneous and high-speed ports in the future, and be able to run multiple protocols on various ports while avoiding the telephone switching network.
Enterprise router
Enterprise or campus-level routers connect many end systems. The main goal is to achieve as many endpoint interconnections as possible and to further support different quality of service. Many existing enterprise networks are Ethernet segments connected by hubs or bridges. Although these devices are inexpensive, easy to install, and require no configuration, they do not support service levels. In contrast, networks with routers participating can divide the machine into multiple collision domains and can thus control the size of a network. In addition, the router also supports a certain level of service, at least allowing it to be divided into multiple levels of priority. However, each port of the router is more expensive and can
Use a lot of configuration work before use. Therefore, the success or failure of enterprise routers lies in whether to provide a large number of ports and the cost per port is very low, whether it is easy to configure, whether it supports QoS. It also requires enterprise-class routers to effectively support broadcast and multicast. The enterprise network also handles various LAN technologies left over from history and supports multiple protocols, including IP, IPX, and Vine. They also support firewalls, packet filtering, and a large number of management and security policies as well as VLANs.
Backbone router
Backbone routers interconnect enterprise-class networks. The demand for it is speed and reliability, and the cost is in a secondary position. Hardware reliability can be achieved using technologies used in telephone switching networks, such as hot backup, dual power supplies, dual data paths, and the like. These technologies are almost standard for all backbone routers. The main performance bottleneck of backbone IP routers is the time it takes to find a route in the forwarding table. When a packet is received, the input port looks up the destination address of the packet in the forwarding table to determine its destination port. When the packet is shorter or when the packet is sent to many destination ports, it will inevitably increase the cost of route lookup. Therefore, putting some frequently accessed destination ports in the cache can improve the efficiency of route lookup. Whether it is an input buffer or an output buffer router, there is a bottleneck problem in route lookup. In addition to performance bottlenecks, the stability of the router is also an often overlooked issue.
Terabit router
Of the three major technologies used in the core Internet in the future, both fiber and DWDM are already mature and ready-made. If there is no router corresponding to the original bandwidth provided by existing fiber technologies and DWDM technologies, the new network infrastructure will not be able to fundamentally improve the performance. Therefore, the development of high-performance backbone switches/routers (terabit routers) has become An urgent request. Terabit router technology is still mainly in the experimental stage of development.
Multi-WAN router
As early as 2000, Beijing Xinquan found a multi-homing solution for engineers. He discovered that there are huge market demands for multi-WAN devices for all Ethernet protocols in China. With the successful development of the omnidirectional product development, the nation’s first dual WAN router was born in 2002 and the first dual WAN broadband router in China was named NuR8021.
The dual WAN routers have two physical WAN ports as external network access, so that the intranet computer can use two external network access lines through the load balancing function of the dual WAN routers, which greatly increases the network bandwidth. Currently, dual WAN routers mainly have the advantages of "bandwidth aggregation" and "one network dual-line" applications. This is not possible with traditional single WAN routers.
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