On December 25th, the National Science and Technology Ministry’s 863 Plan major special project—Wind Farm Flexible HVDC Access Technology Research and Development Demonstration Project Nanao ±160 kV multi-end flexible DC demonstration project—officially went into operation. This milestone marks a significant breakthrough for China Southern Power Grid, as it has successfully addressed global challenges in the control and protection of multi-terminal flexible DC transmission. It also positions China as a global leader in mastering the full range of core technologies required for the design, testing, commissioning, and operation of multi-terminal flexible HVDC systems.
This project is not only a world-class example of integrated production, learning, and research but also represents a major innovation in international high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technology. Designed to enable long-distance, large-capacity power transmission and the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources, the Nanao project provides a safe and efficient solution for multi-DC feed-in scenarios. Following the ±800kV UHV DC transmission project, this development marks another key advancement in the field of international HVDC technology.
Flexible DC transmission has become the preferred solution for integrating wind power into the grid. Compared to conventional HVDC, it can reduce investment by over 10% in certain cases with capacities ranging from 10,000 to 1 million kilowatts. This is especially beneficial for offshore wind farms located far from shore. Analysts predict that the global market for flexible DC transmission could exceed 100 billion yuan within the next decade.
Since ABB commissioned the world's first flexible DC transmission test project in Sweden in 1997, research on flexible HVDC has been ongoing worldwide, though progress has been slow. In 2006, the State Grid Corporation of China launched the "Framework for Key Technologies for Flexible HVDC Power Transmission Systems," initiating comprehensive research on flexible DC technology. This effort was nearly concurrent with similar developments abroad, but Chinese researchers have made significant strides, demonstrating superior technical capabilities and broader applications.
Multi-terminal flexible DC projects are more complex than their two-terminal counterparts. Xu Shuzheng, an engineer involved in the Nanao project, explained that while two-terminal systems cannot connect multiple power sources or supply several load points simultaneously, multi-terminal systems can link multiple offshore wind farms and isolated islands to the mainland, forming a DC network. This approach saves costs and reduces the use of marine resources, allowing islands to meet their electricity needs while exporting surplus power to the mainland.
In simpler terms, a flexible HVDC system acts like a smart valve within the existing power grid, enabling precise control of electrical energy flow and isolating faults. It can quickly send or absorb energy based on grid demands, offering flexibility and adaptability. Dr. He Zhiyuan from the China Academy of Electric Power noted that this technology plays a vital role in optimizing grid distribution, enhancing stability, and improving the intelligence and controllability of modern power systems.
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