Rare earth farming is a relatively new application field that emerged in China during the early 1970s. It was recognized as a national key project under both the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" and "Seventh Five-Year Plan," as well as a national-level spark project. This field is one of the eight primary applications of rare earth elements. Rare earth compounds have been shown to enhance plant metabolism, boost physiological activity, accelerate cell division and proliferation, increase chlorophyll content, improve photosynthesis, promote nutrient uptake, and strengthen plants' resistance to drought, low temperatures, and other adverse conditions. These effects contribute to increased dry matter accumulation, higher crop yields, and improved product quality.
Widely applied across the country (excluding Tibet and Taiwan for small-scale trials), rare earth-based agricultural products are suitable for all regions and crops. Studies indicate that the probability of yield improvement through rare earth application exceeds 95%.
Agricultural rare earth products are primarily composed of light rare earth nitrates, with the chemical formula R(NO3)3·6H2O (where R represents mixed rare earth elements). They contain approximately 37-40% rare earth oxides and appear as a slightly purplish-red powder or liquid. The particle size is less than 5 mm, and the melting point is around 90°C ± 2°C. To maintain their effectiveness, rare earth products should be stored in sealed containers, as exposure to air may cause them to absorb moisture and deliquesce, though they remain active.
Research on the physiological effects of rare earth elements on plants has shown that when used properly, these elements can significantly support plant growth and development, leading to increased yields. The accumulation of dry matter in plants comes from photosynthesis, and rare earth elements help increase chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic efficiency. They also promote root development, enhance root absorption capacity, and influence nitrogen fixation and enzyme activities. Tracer studies have demonstrated that rare earth elements can improve the uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in plants. However, the mechanisms behind these effects are still not fully understood and require further scientific investigation.
In China, there are four major categories of rare earth-based agricultural products: rare earth micro-fertilizers, multi-component compound fertilizers, rare earth ammonium bicarbonate compound fertilizers, and rare earth feed additives. Concerns about the environmental impact of agricultural rare earths were addressed in 2003 by a research project led by Academician Ni Jiazan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The study found that approximately 99% of rare earth elements are quickly absorbed by soil after application, with slow dissolution and diffusion under normal conditions. Based on current usage levels, the risk of groundwater contamination within 100 years in non-acidic soils is considered low. However, in acid rain-prone areas or laterite regions, the migration rate of rare earths increases, which requires closer monitoring.
The Hunan Provincial Rare Earth Agricultural Research Center has been actively involved in the production and promotion of agricultural rare earth products. Recently, Baotou Gold Rare Earth Bio-application Co., Ltd. made notable progress in this field. According to reports, the company successfully exported its products to South Korea last year.
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**Label:** Rare Earth Agricultural Research
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