According to the periodic table, elements can be categorized based on their physical and chemical properties into several groups. These include noble gases such as helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn), totaling six elements. Then there are non-metallic elements, which consist of boron (B), carbon (C), silicon (Si), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and hydrogen (H), making up a total of 16 elements. The remaining elements are classified as metallic elements.
Generally, metallic elements are divided into two main categories based on their appearance: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals include iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn). All other metal elements are referred to as non-ferrous metals. Since iron is the most commonly used among ferrous metals, it's common to refer to all other metals as non-ferrous metals by default.
Non-ferrous metals can further be classified into three broad categories: common metals such as aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb); precious metals like gold (Au), silver (Ag), ruthenium (Ru), and rhodium (Rh); and rare metals including beryllium (Be), scandium (Sc), and zirconium (Zr). However, this classification is somewhat simplistic. Some elements exhibit properties that lie between metals and non-metals, such as silicon (Si), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), arsenic (As), and boron (B). These are sometimes included in the category of non-ferrous alloys due to their unique characteristics.
This classification system helps in understanding the behavior and applications of different elements in various industries. While the traditional grouping provides a basic framework, modern scientific approaches often consider more nuanced classifications based on atomic structure, electron configuration, and reactivity. As our knowledge of chemistry continues to evolve, so too does the way we categorize and understand the elements that make up the world around us.
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