On May 6, China’s first **"China Counter-Terrorism Research Report (2014)"** was released in Beijing. The report highlighted a worrying trend: as international terrorist activities began to rebound, China experienced a surge in domestic terrorism in 2013. The report noted that these incidents were not only more frequent but also exhibited new characteristics, including the expansion of their geographical reach and a shift in targets.
According to the report, Chinese terrorist activities have increasingly targeted government institutions and local gangs. This shift indicates a growing sophistication in how these groups operate. Additionally, the use of cold weapons—such as knives and other non-firearm tools—has become more common, raising concerns about the evolving nature of threats.
The report also emphasized the global dimension of terrorism affecting China. As the country expands its overseas interests, it faces rising security risks, with Chinese citizens abroad increasingly becoming victims of terrorist attacks. At the same time, domestic terrorism has remained active, with 10 violent attacks reported in 2013 alone.
Feng Zhongping, vice president of the China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, stated that one of the most pressing challenges for national security is the threat of violent terrorism. He pointed out that the report identified key trends, such as the geographic spread of attacks, the targeting of public institutions, and the increasing use of unconventional weapons.
Another critical issue addressed in the report is the infiltration of religious extremism into Chinese society. The report warned that Western hostile forces are using diverse and sophisticated methods to penetrate religious groups in China. These efforts often involve both open and covert strategies, making them difficult to detect and counteract. Religious extremist groups have been found to organize underground classes, distribute extremist materials, and spread radical ideas among vulnerable populations.
The report stressed the need for vigilance, noting that such infiltration poses serious ideological and security risks to China. It called for stronger measures to combat these threats and protect the nation’s socialist values.
In addition to addressing domestic and international security challenges, the report outlined the role of the National Security Committee. Established as the highest decision-making body for cross-sectoral coordination, it plays a crucial role in managing complex security issues. The committee is tasked with four main functions:
1. **Formulating and implementing a comprehensive security strategy**: The report highlighted the need for a more systematic approach to national security, moving beyond traditional military strategies to include broader, macro-level planning.
2. **Advancing the rule of law**: The current legal framework, particularly the "Counter-Terrorism Law," is seen as too narrow. The report recommended expanding it to cover all aspects of national security, integrating military, political, and diplomatic legislation.
3. **Developing policies and guidelines**: The report emphasized the importance of creating specific policies for handling security threats, including crisis management, social stability, and combating the so-called "three forces" (extremism, separatism, and terrorism).
4. **Addressing major security issues**: The report pointed out that many national security challenges require coordinated efforts across multiple departments. For example, the recent terrorist attacks in Xinjiang and Tibet involved complex international factors, requiring collaboration between intelligence, diplomacy, and law enforcement agencies.
Overall, the report underscores the need for a unified and proactive approach to counter-terrorism, emphasizing the importance of both domestic preparedness and international cooperation in safeguarding China’s security.
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